Ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kungenye yezinkinga ezibaluleke kakhulu ezisongela ukuphila emhlabeni esikhathini samanje, futhi enye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu zalokhu kungcola ukungcola kwamakhemikhali okuchayeka kukho imifula, izilwandle, amachibi namadamu asemhlabeni, kanye nokuvuza kwawo. udoti onjengepulasitiki nezinye izinto eziyingozi, odinga imizamo ehlangene Ukuze kuvikelwe imithombo yamanzi futhi ihlale ihlanzekile.
Isingeniso sokungcoliswa kwamanzi
Umuntu angakwazi ukuyeka izinto eziningi ekuphileni kwakhe, futhi aqhubeke ephila naphezu kwalokho, ngaphandle kwamanzi, njengoba kungekho muntu ophilayo ongakwenza ngaphandle kwalolu ketshezi oluyimilingo oludingekayo ezinqubweni ezibalulekile, kodwa nokho ingcebo yamanzi iyachithwa futhi iphathwa ngendlela engafanele. ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba, ngakho-ke lokho Okulingana nama-80% wamanzi asetshenzisiwe, aphonswa emanzini ngaphandle kokwelashwa futhi abuyele endaweni ezungezile, ephethe izinto eziningi eziyingozi futhi anda amazinga okungcola.
Ingqikithi yakhe enkulu iwukungcoliswa kwamanzi
Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi kusongela impilo yomuntu, futhi amanzi angcolile abulala izinkulungwane zabantu emhlabeni wonke unyaka ngamunye.” Ngempela, inani lezisulu zamanzi angcolile lidlula inani lezisulu zezimpi nezingxabano.
Amanzi aphuzwayo eMhlabeni amele kuphela i-1% yenani eliphelele lamanzi emhlabeni, kuyilapho amanye amanzi egxilile olwandle nolwandle, futhi anamathele enhlabathini, futhi izingxenye eziningi zingabangela ukungcola emanzini aphuzwayo, kuhlanganise. i-arsenic, ithusi kanye nomthofu, konke okutholakala ngezilinganiso ezihlukene emanzini okuphuza.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ukungcoliswa kwamanzi?
Amanzi asetshenziswa ezindlini, ezimbonini, ezokwelapha nokunye, kusetshenziswa izindlela zesimanje ezihlanganisa ukwelapha ngamakhemikhali kanye nokuhlunga Ukwelashwa kususa ezinye izinto ezingadingeki njengeplankton, amagciwane namakhemikhali angcolisa amanzi. ingalahlwa.
Amasu esithola ngawo amanzi asebenzisekayo maningi, kuhlanganise nalawo alawula izilinganiso zamaminerali emanzini, asuse izinto ezimisiwe, noma alawule izinto ezincibilikisiwe kuwo.
Phakathi kwezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuhlanza amanzi okuphuza yilezi:
- Ukujova amanzi nge-chlorine ukuze kwehliswe iphesenti lamagciwane, ikakhulukazi ulwelwe.
- I-oksijeni ijovwa nge-chlorine ukuze i-oxidize amaminerali asekelwe emanzini njenge-manganese iron, eyenza inqubo yokulahla.
- Ukwenza inqubo ye-plankton coagulation, bese iyayihlunga noma iyisedimentation.
- I-Sedimentation yezinto eziqinile kanye nodaba olumisiwe.
- Ukuhlunga ukususa i-sediment emihle.
- Sebenzisa ama-antibiotics ukubulala amagciwane.
Yiziphi izindlela zokulwa nokungcoliswa kwamanzi?
Enye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu zokulwa nokungcoliswa kwamanzi ukungangcwabi imfucuza eyingozi ogwadule, ngoba lokhu kubangela ukungcoliswa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba futhi kudlulise ukungcola endaweni ethile kuya kwenye ngenxa yemvula noma ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi.Imfucumfucu ekhipha imisebe neyingozi kufanele ilashwe ngaphambi kokungcwatshwa.
Phakathi kwemfucuza okufanele icocwe ngaphambi kokuyishiya endaweni, kubalwa amanzi alahlwa yimfucuza yasendlini kanye nendle, okuthi ngemva kokwelashwa kusetshenziswe ukuchelela izitshalo ezingatheli. .
Ifekthri ngayinye kufanele ihlanze imfucuza yayo emanzini angcolile ngaphambi kokuyichitha emanzini, ukuze ingabangeli ukudluliselwa kokungcola endaweni ezungezile.
Ukulinganisa ukusetshenziswa komanyolo wezolimo kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane kungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekulondolozeni ukuphepha kwamanzi nokugwema ukungcola kwamakhemikhali Lawa makhemikhali asakazeka emhlabathini futhi adlulele emanzini angaphansi komhlaba, okubangela ukungcoliswa okukhulu kwemvelo.
Ukukhiqiza izinto zesimanje zokuhlanza ezingase zigaye kabusha amanzi futhi ziwahlanze ezintweni ezingcolisayo ezibeka usongo empilweni yomphakathi kanye nemvelo jikelele.
Ukuhlola izinsiza zamanzi ahlanzekile ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ziphephile ukusetshenziswa nokuthi azinawo ukungcola okuyingozi.
Ukusebenzisa izindlela zemvelo ukuqothula izinambuzane zezolimo nokuqeda ukungcola kwamanzi, ngokuhlakulela izitshalo ezisebenza kulokhu, njengomhlanga kanye ne-typhus.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zokungcoliswa kwamanzi?
Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi kusho ukuba khona kwezinguquko ezibonakalayo noma zamakhemikhali emanzini, okuba nomthelela omubi kwikhwalithi yawo kanye nokufaneleka kwawo ukusetshenziswa.Yonke into engcolisa amanzi ilimaza impilo yomphakathi kanye nemvelo jikelele, ngoba impilo yezinto eziphilayo incike emanzini.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo zokungcoliswa kwamanzi: ukungcoliswa kwamanzi angcolile, ukuchithwa kukawoyela, izibulala-zinambuzane namakhemikhali asetshenziswa kwezolimo, kanye nokungcoliswa kwemfucuza yasefekthri.
Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi kuhlukene phakathi:
Ukungcoliswa kwemvelo: Lokhu kusho ukuphazamiseka kwezinto zemvelo ekwenzeni amanzi angakufanelekeli ukusetshenziswa, njengezinga losawoti, i-asidi, izinga lokushisa, noma amazinga aphezulu e-plankton ngenxa yokuba khona kwamagciwane kanye nezinto eziphilayo ekugxilweni okuphezulu emanzini.
Ukungcola kwamakhemikhali: Kubangela amazinga aphezulu obuthi emanzini, njengoba kunjalo ngokungcoliswa komthofu, i-arsenic, i-mercury, noma i-cadmium.
Ukungcoliswa yimfucuza yendle: Lolu hlobo lwamanzi luqukethe insipho nezinye izinto zokuhlanza, kanye nezinsimbi ezinzima eziyingozi njengemercury nokwanda komthofu kulo, futhi liqukethe amazinga aphezulu amagciwane afana namagciwane kanye nama-virus.
Ukungcoliswa kukadoti wasefekthri: Izimboni zensimbi, ezekhemisi, zokudla nezindwangu ziphakathi kwezimboni ezingcolisa kakhulu.
Ukungcoliswa uwoyela nezinto eziphuma kuwo: Lezi yizinto ezingcolisayo ezisakazeke kakhulu emhlabeni futhi zenzeka ngenxa yezingozi zamathangi kawoyela nokungalungiswa kahle.Kulokhu, izinto ezingcolisayo zingangena ekujuleni okukhulu futhi zithinte kakhulu izilwane zasolwandle.
Ukungcoliswa yizinsalela zezolimo: njengezibulala-zinambuzane nomanyolo, kokubili okuqukethe amaphesenti aphezulu ezinsimbi ezisindayo kanye nobuthi.
Izingozi zokungcoliswa kwamanzi
Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi kungenye yezimbangela ezibaluleke kakhulu zokufa emhlabeni, futhi kuyimbangela enkulu yokudluliselwa kwezifo nobhubhane Phakathi kwezingozi ezibaluleke kakhulu zokungcoliswa kwamanzi yilezi:
- Ukusetshenziswa kwe-oxygen encibilikisiwe emanzini ngenxa yokusabalala kokungcola, okusongela ukuphila kwasolwandle futhi kunciphisa izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezilwandle.
- Izinto ezinobuthi ezisakazeka emanzini zinobuthi ezilwaneni nasezitshalweni zasolwandle futhi ziholela ekufeni kwazo.
- Izinto ezingcolisayo zibangela ukukhula kwezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamagciwane ayingozi emvelweni ngamanani aphezulu, okwenza amanzi angakufanelekeli ukusetshenziswa abantu.
- Izinto ezingcolisayo zinciphisa amazinga okukhanya okungena emanzini, okunciphisa amathuba okukhula kwezitshalo zasemanzini, ezimele ukudla okubalulekile kwezinto eziningi eziphilayo zasolwandle, okuphazamisa umjikelezo wempilo emanzini.
Umthelela wokungcoliswa kwamanzi kumuntu kanye nomphakathi
Ukusabalala kokungcoliswa kwamanzi kunemiphumela emibi empilweni yomphakathi, impilo, kanye nomnotho, futhi imiphumela yako ebaluleke kakhulu ibonakala kulokhu okulandelayo:
Ukuqina kwamanzi: Amazinga aphezulu kasawoti namaminerali emanzini abangela ukuthi abe lukhuni njengoba engakulungele ukusetshenziswa, futhi angabangela izinkinga ezinkulu zezimboni kanye nobuthi bezinto eziphilayo eziwaphuzayo.
Ukusabalala kwezifo: Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi kubangela ukudluliswa noma ukwenzeka kwezifo eziningi, kuhlanganise nokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile, isifuba somoya, umdlavuza, izifo zesikhumba, isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo, i-conjunctivitis, isifo sohudo, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, nezinye izifo.
Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezilwandle: Ukungcola kunciphisa izinombolo nezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle, futhi kuthinta ingcebo yezinhlanzi, ngenxa yamazinga aphansi omoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe emanzini angcolile, ukuntuleka kokukhanya, nokusabalala kobuthi.
Ibhalansi yendawo ezungezile: Ukungcola kungabangela ukungalingani ohlelweni lwendalo, okuvumela izinto eziphilayo ezingafunwa ukuba zikhule ngokulahlekelwa ezinye izinto eziphilayo ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni nasemnothweni.
Isihloko sesiphetho mayelana nokungcoliswa kwamanzi
Isayensi yanamuhla iye yathola izindlela eziningi amanzi angahlanzwa ngazo, agaywe kabusha, futhi avikelwe ezintweni ezingcolisa umoya, okuhlanganisa ukwelashwa kwe-ozone, amathangi e-septic lapho imfucumfucu yamanzi ihlanzwa khona ngaphambi kokuba ikhishelwe endaweni engaphezulu, kanye nokusetshenziswa kokushisa nokuhlunga ngezihlungi, okwenza amathuba okuphinda asetshenziswe Ngezinjongo ezinjengokunisela, ayatholakala futhi anciphise amanani awo amoshayo, ngoba ayikho into ebaluleke ngaphezu kwamanzi ngoba ayimfihlo yokuphila nokuphila emhlabeni, futhi ngaphandle kwawo akukho ukuphila noma ukuba khona.
