Izigaba ze-monotheism kanye nomqondo wayo ku-Islam nokubaluleka kwe-monotheism kanye nezinhlobo ze-monotheism

Into yokuqala umuntu ayenzayo ngokungena e-Islam, ukumemezela ubufakazi bakhe, obumelelwa ekuvumeni ukuthi uNkulunkulu munye futhi akanamlingani, nokuthi uMuhammad uyisiThunywa saKhe.Kulesi sihloko, sifunda ngemikhuba yenkolo yokukholelwa kuNkulunkulu oyedwa kanye nezisekelo zayo. in Islam ngokuningiliziwe.

Incazelo ye-monotheism

Incazelo yenkolo yonkulunkulu oyedwa njengegama elingokomthetho iqala ngokuyichaza ngolimi nangendlela yokukhuluma ukuze kube lula ukuyiqonda.Ngokolimi, igama elithi “tawhid” liwumthombo wesenzo esingu-quadruple “unified” ngokugcizelela phakathi nendawo. Incwadi ethi, ha.Zodwa, kuthiwa “ukuhlanganisa amazwe amabili,” “ukuhlanganisa amazwe amabili,” noma “ukuhlanganisa ama-Iraq amabili,” nokunye.

Incazelo ye-monotheism ngokolimi nangokomqondo

Ngokwamagama, yisayensi ecwaninga izici zikaNkulunkulu (Udumo malube Kuye) kanye namagama Akhe kanye nezimpawu Zakhe ukuze kuzuzwe ubunye Bakhe (Udumo malube Kuye) yedwa kanye nezimpawu zobunkulunkulu nobukhosi kanye nobungcwele. Amagama Amahle Kakhulu kanye nezimpawu eziphakeme ezingenabo abanye onkulunkulu bamanga abanikazi bazo bababiza ngokuthi ngonkulunkulu.Amanga, akekho unkulunkulu weqiniso ngaphandle kwaYe (Makadunyiswe).

Incazelo yokukholelwa kuNkulunkulu oyedwa ngokolimi ingumthombo ohlanganisayo futhi ohlanganisayo lapho wenza into eyodwa.Mayelana nencazelo yenkolo eyodwa ngokomqondo, iwukuhlukanisa uNkulunkulu (uMninimandla onke) ngalokho okuphathelene Naye endabeni yobunkulunkulu, ubunkulunkulu, amagama. kanye nezimfanelo.

Incazelo yokuhlanganiswa kwamagama nezimfanelo

Kungukuthi sifakazele kuNkulunkulu (Udumo malube KuYe) lokho Akuqinisekisa Ngaye amagama nezimfanelo uNkulunkulu azichaza ngazo Yena noma isiThunywa saKhe (uMvelinqangi Makadunyiswe) emchaza ngalokho okushiwo eNcwadini futhi. iSunnah emisiwe, futhi siyakuphika kuYena lokho Aziphika Yena, futhi sikholwa kubo ngokukholwa okuqinile kulokho uNkulunkulu akufuna kubo ngaphandle kokuphika noma ukumela, futhi umholi wethu kukho izwi likaMvelinqangi (Dumisani makube kuYe). : “Akukho lutho olufana Naye, futhi Uyizwa Konke, Obona Konke.” Shura: 11

Kwakhulunywa ngamaGama amahle Kakhulu kanye Nezimfanelo zikaNkulunkulu (Udumo malube KuYe), ezinye zazo ziyinkomba yeQoqosho, kanti ezinye zazo ziphethe izimfanelo, ngakho-ke Lowo oneSihawu noNesihawu uhlanganisa izimfanelo zomusa, Ukuzwa nokuzwa. Ukubona kuhlanganisa izici zokuzwa nokubona, uMninimandla, Ohlakaniphileyo uhlanganisa izimfanelo zenkazimulo nokuhlakanipha, Lowo Wazi Konke kanye noMninimandla zihlanganisa izici zolwazi nekhono, njalonjalo.Kuwo wonke amagama nezimfanelo zakhe.

Kufakazelwa yilokho okwafika eNcwadini kaMvelinqangi (oPhezukonke), futhi Yena (Inkazimulo mayibe kuYe) wathi: “UNkulunkulu, akukho Nkulunkulu ngaphandle kwaKhe. Ngaye amagama amahle kakhulu. UThaha: 8, futhi wathi (oPhezukonke): “Futhi uNkulunkulu wehlulela ngeqiniso, futhi labo abakhuleka ngaphandle kwaKhe abehluleli ngalutho, ngempela uAllah Uyizwa Konke, Ubona Konke. Isiqephu: 20

وجمع الله عددًا كبيرًا من أسمائه وصفاته في قوله (سبحانه): “هُوَ اللَّهُ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ عَالِمُ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَادَةِ هُوَ الرَّحْمَنُ الرَّحِيمُ * هُوَ اللَّهُ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْمَلِكُ الْقُدُّوسُ السَّلَامُ الْمُؤْمِنُ الْمُهَيْمِنُ الْعَزِيزُ الْجَبَّارُ الْمُتَكَبِّرُ سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ * هُوَ اللَّهُ Konke okusezulwini nasemhlabeni kuyamdumisa Yena, futhi Unamandla, Uhlakaniphile.” Al-Hashr: 23-24

Yiziphi izigaba ze-monotheism?

• Ngaphambi kokuthi sikhulume ngokwehlukana kweTawheed, sikhuluma ngomsuka waleli gama.Igama elithi Tawheed kanye nezigaba ezintathu zalo azizange zifakwe ku-Islamic terminology, futhi alicaciswanga nanguMprofethi (uNkulunkulu ambusise futhi amqhubekise ngokuthula). futhi ayizange ikhulunywe yinoma yimuphi wabangane (uNkulunkulu angajabula ngabo) ngokuphelele, futhi yavela kuphela emakhulwini eminyaka alandelayo, njengamagama amaningi.
• Isayensi ye-hadith yavela sekwephuzile futhi, nezinye isayensi ezafika sekwephuzile ziyisayensi yokuqonda inkolo kuphela, njengoba kunjalo ngesayensi ye-monotheism, okuhloswe ngayo ukufundisa izinkolelo zamaSulumane nokucacisa ulwazi lukaNkulunkulu, okuyinhloko. inhloso yalesi sayensi.
• U-Imam al-Shafi'i, owaphila ngekhulu lesibili futhi wafa - kwangathi uNkulunkulu angamhawukela - ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesithathu AH, ungumsunguli wesayensi yezinto eziyisisekelo kumthetho wamaSulumane, futhi wamhlukanisela izigaba ezazamukeleka kahle phakathi kwezazi, futhi emva kwakhe izazi zezisekelo zaqeda iphethini efanayo.Kanjalo, kwavela uhlelo lolimi, okuyisayensi yohlelo lolimi.Isi-Arabhu, isayensi yezwi, isayensi ye-Noble Qur'an, futhi ukusebenza nabanye, futhi ngenxa yalokhu kwakungamangalisi ukuthi isayensi yenkolo eyodwa kanye nokwehlukana kwayo eyalandela.
• Lokhu kwehlukana, njengazo zonke izigaba ezijwayelekile, akusebenzi ezinqumweni zeShari'a.Akuphoqelekile futhi akuphoqelekile, futhi ukuphika noma ukushintshwa kwaso kwesinye isigaba akuthathwa njengesono okumele iMuslim liziphendulele ngaso.Kuyizigaba zokukhuluma nje kuphela. onhloso yakhe iwukuqonda isayensi yamaSulumane.
• Izazi nazo zathi emithethweni yobufandamentali yale nkolo mayelana namagama amasha ukuthi “akukho mpikiswano kumagama,” okungukuthi, akukho ngxabano kumagama.

Ukuhlukana kwe-monotheism

Ososayensi - sengathi uNkulunkulu angaba nesihe kubo - bebelokhu behlukanisa isayensi, beyenza ibe lula, futhi behlukanisa ezindaweni eziningi, ngenhloso yokwenza lula nokudlulisela ulwazi kubantu, ikakhulukazi emva kobuthakathaka obujwayelekile bolwazi lolimi lwesi-Arabhu nezincazelo zalo njenge umphumela wokuxutshwa kolimi lwesi-Arabhu nezinye izilimi okungezona ezase-Arab ngemva kokunqotshwa.

Abanye babo bahlukanise isayensi yenkolo eyodwa yaba izigaba ezintathu, kuthi noma ubani oyihlukanise ibe yizici ezine, alikho iphutha kulokho futhi akushiwo ukuthi wenza iphutha, futhi abanye bayihlukanise izigaba ezimbili kuphela, futhi cha. umuntu ulahla noma ubani, ngakho wonke umuntu ofuna ukuchaza isayensi futhi ayenze ibe lula ukufinyelela abantu ngenhloso eqotho uyavuzwa, ngemvume.Allah.

Ihlukanise ibe izingxenye ezimbili:

Kwashiwo yizazi, kuhlanganise no-Ibn al-Qayyim - sengathi uNkulunkulu angamhawukela - futhi wabachaza kanje:

• Ukuhlanganiswa kolwazi nobufakazi, ngokwalesi sigaba somthetho, kubeka ukukholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu, ukukholelwa eBukhosini Bakhe, nokukholelwa emagameni nasezimfanelweni Zakhe.
• Lokho akubiza ngokuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwenhloso nokufunwa, okuhlanganisa ukukholelwa ebunkulunkulu bukaNkulunkulu (uMninimandla onke).

Ihlukanise ibe ezine:

• Ukukholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu.
• Ukukholelwa eBukhosini bukaNkulunkulu.
• Ukukholelwa ebunkulunkulu bukaNkulunkulu.
• Ukukholelwa emagameni nasezimfanelweni zikaNkulunkulu.

Ihlukanise ibe izigaba ezintathu:

Kwashiwo u-Abu Jaafar al-Tabari ekuhumusheni nabanye ngekhulu lesithathu lika-AH, futhi wacaphuna u-Ibn Battah, Ibn Mandah kanye no-Ibn Abd al-Barr, futhi kwashiwo kamuva ngu-Ibn Taymiyyah, futhi iqiniso liwukuthi akaqalanga ngakho, ngoba u-Ibn Taymiyyah wayephila ngekhulu lesikhombisa AH, futhi izifundiswa zalihlukanisa laba izigaba ezintathu:

• Ubunye beDeism
• Ubunye bobunkulunkulu
• Ubunye bamagama nezimfanelo

Ngakho-ke, ukungaboni ngasolinye ngokwehlukana akukhona ukungaboni ngaso linye ngokwezincazelo, kodwa kunalokho kuwukungavumelani endleleni okuchazwa ngayo nokwenza lula kubantu, njengoba kuhlanganisa nezincazelo okuvunyelwene ngazo futhi ukungaboni ngaso linye kusendleleni okwethulwa ngayo kubantu, futhi ukungaboni ngaso linye ngokwehlukana akukona ukungaboni ngaso linye ngokwezincazelo, kodwa kunalokho kuwukungavumelani ngendlela okuchazwa ngayo nokwenza kube lula kubantu, njengoba kuhlanganisa nezincazelo okuvunyelwene ngazo futhi ukungaboni ngaso linye kwenzeka ngendlela okwethulwa ngayo kubantu, futhi. ngakho-ke asikuchithi ukuthi kuzovela olunye uhlaka olusha uma ludingeka oluzama ukwenza lula ulwazi kumaSulumane.

Akufanele simangale uma kuvela uqhekeko kwesinye sezazi zakamuva sengeza isigaba sesine kwezintathu ezedlule futhi sikubiza ngokuthi “ukuhlanganisa abalandeli noma ukuhlanganisa ukubusa”, futhi ngalo usho ukuhlanganiswa kokulamula eNcwadini. kanye neSunnah.

Kulesi sigaba, akengezi ingxenye yesine, empeleni, kodwa ukhanyisa kuphela ingxenye yesigaba sesibili, ubunye bobunkulunkulu, njengoba sihlanganisa ukuthi uNkulunkulu ungumshayi-mthetho, futhi akekho umsha-mthetho ngaphandle Kwakhe.

Futhi umthetho waphezulu waziwa njengomthetho uNkulunkulu awembule emthethweni waKhe ngeNcwadi kanye neSunnah elungile, ngakho uMprofethi kaNkulunkulu uMuhammad (Iz. amazwi avela esambulweni esiphefumulelwe.

Izinhlobo zokuhlanganisa

Sikhuluma ngokuhlukana kanye nezinhlobo ze-monotheism ngokusho kwehlukana owaziwa kakhulu phakathi kwamaSulumane, okuhlanganisa izigaba ezintathu, okungukuthi:

Incazelo ye-monotheism

• Kusho ukholo oluqinile noluqinisekile ngobungqayizivele bukaNkulunkulu yedwa ngezenzo ezintathu, okuyindalo, impahla, nokuphatha, ngakho uNkulunkulu ukhethekile kubo, futhi akanaye umlingani noma umsizi kuzo.
• Lapha, iMuslim likholelwa ukuthi akekho umdali ngaphandle kukaNkulunkulu, akekho umnikazi ngaphandle kukaNkulunkulu, futhi akekho umbusi ngaphandle kukaNkulunkulu (Udumo malube Kuye), futhi izenzo eziningi ezihambisana nakho, njengokunikeza ukuphila, ukufa, ukudla, ukupha, ukuthatha, nanoma ubani onenzuzo nokulimala.
• Ubufakazi bawo buningi eNcwadini kaMvelinqangi (inkazimulo mayibe kuYe noPhezukonke).
• Mayelana nendalo, uNkulunkulu (Udumo malube Kuye) uthi: “UNkulunkulu unguMdali wakho konke, futhi unguMenzi wakho konke.” U-Al-Zumar: 62, futhi uthi: “Akanakho yini ukudalwa kanye nomyalelo na? I-Al-A’raf: 54, futhi mayelana nobunikazi, uNkulunkulu uMninimandla onke uthi: “Ubusisiwe Lowo Ombuso Usesandleni Sakhe, futhi Unamandla phezu kwezinto zonke. INkosi: 1, futhi Yena (Udumo malube Kuye) uthi: “Unezinsongo zezulu nomhlaba.” Amaqembu: 63
• Mayelana nokuphatha, Yena (Udumo malube KuYe) uthi: “Uqondisa izindaba ezivela ezulwini emhlabeni, bese enyukela kuwo ngosuku olubude beminyaka eyinkulungwane kulokho enikubalayo. Al-Sajdah: 5, futhi uthi: “Yena ophethe udaba.” Yunus: 3
• Mayelana nokudla, uNkulunkulu uthi: “Asikho isilwane emhlabeni ngaphandle kokuthi uNkulunkulu Uhlinzekela ukudla kwawo, futhi Uyayazi indawo yawo yokuphumula nendawo yawo, yileso naleso eNcwadini ecacile.” Hood: 6, futhi ekunikezeni ukuphila nokufa, uMninimandla onke uthi: “Yena unikeza ukuphila futhi ubangela ukufa, futhi kuYe niyobuyiselwa.” UYunus: 56
• I-monotheism yobukhosi yazisa amaSulumane ukuthi kuyindlela yokufinyelela ukuhlanganiswa kobunkulunkulu, ngakho-ke noma ubani okholelwa ukuthi akekho umdali ngaphandle kukaNkulunkulu, futhi akekho umnikazi womyalo wakhe nomyalo wendawo yonke, futhi akukho ukudla noma umbusi wendawo yonke, futhi akukho ukuphila noma ukufa ngaphandle kukaNkulunkulu (Udumo malube Kuye), pho-ke kungenzeka yini ukuhlanganyela Naye ngemva kwalokho?UNkulunkulu ungomunye unkulunkulu ekukhulekeleni?!

Ingabe kwanele ukuzuza ubunye bobunkulunkulu ekuzuzeni ukholo?

• Ngesikhathi seSithunywa sikaNkulunkulu (uNkulunkulu angasibusisa futhi asinike ukuthula), ama-Arabhu ayeluqonda ulimi lwawo lwesi-Arabhu futhi ewazi umehluko phakathi kwegama elithi “nkulunkulu” negama elithi “Nkosi.” Ngakho-ke, ayeqaphela ukukholelwa kuNkulunkulu oyedwa. futhi bathi uNkulunkulu yedwa, futhi ngaleso sikhathi bakwenqaba ngokuqinile inkolo yobunkulunkulu oyedwa ngoba babeyazi kahle incazelo yako.
• UNkulunkulu USomandla uthi, ekhuluma ngabo: “Futhi uma ungababuza ukuthi ngubani owadala amazulu nomhlaba, ngokuqinisekile bazothi: Ukudalwa kwabo kunamandla, Okwaziyo. Al-Zukhruf: 9, futhi uthi: “Futhi uma ubabuza ukuthi ubani owabadala, ngokuqinisekile bazothi, ‘Allah.’ Bangakhohliswa kanjani na? Al-Zukhruf: 87, kunalokho, uMvelinqangi weza nalo ngokusobala ukuthi bakholelwa ukuthi akekho uNkulunkulu ngaphandle kukaNkulunkulu. Amakholwa: 86-87
• Uma ingekho inkinga ngabo ekuhlanganisweni kobunkulunkulu, lokhu kukholelwa kuNkulunkulu oyedwa kuphela akuzange kubazuzise ngalutho, naphezu kwalokho, uNkulunkulu wababiza ngokuthi bangamakholwa amaningi ngenxa yenkinga yabo kanye nesithiyo sabo esikhulu, okwakuwukukholelwa ekuhlanganisweni kobunkulunkulu. ubunkulunkulu, ngakho babevame ukusho, njengoba kushiwo kuyiKur’an eNgcwele: “Ngenza onkulunkulu uNkulunkulu oyedwa, lokhu kuyinto emangalisayo.” . Surah S: 5, futhi bathi ngezithixo ababezikhonza noNkulunkulu: “Sizikhonza kuphela ukuze zisisondeze kuNkulunkulu.” Amaqoqo: 3

Incazelo ye-monotheism

• Ukukholelwa ebunkulunkulwini bukaNkulunkulu, okungukuthi ukuhlukanisa uNkulunkulu yedwa nokuphendukela kuYe yedwa ngokuqondisa zonke izenzo zokukhulekela zekholwa ngamazwi nezenzo zangaphandle nezangaphakathi kuye (Udumo malube Kuye), kanye nentando yomlingani noma abahlanganyeli ukukhonza noNkulunkulu kuthathwa njengokwenkolonkolo eyenqatshelwe okufana nokungakholwa kuNkulunkulu futhi kukhiphe umuntu enkolweni.
• Uthi (Udumo malube Kuye): “Ngakho-ke khonzani uAllah, nihlanzele Yena inkolo. Al-Zumar: 2, futhi uma inceku iphendukela kumngane okhonzwa noAllah (Udumo malube kuYe), zonke izenzo zayo ziyobhidlizwa, ngakho uAllah Angeke Amamukele, futhi izoba phakathi kwabakhulekeli abaningi, hhayi abakholelwa kuNkulunkulu oyedwa. Amaqembu: 65
• Futhi ngegunya lika-Abu Hurairah (Kwangathi uNkulunkulu angajabula ngaye) owathi: “IsiThunywa sika Allah (ukuthula nezibusiso zika Allah kube phezu kwakhe) sathi: “UAllah (ubusisiwe futhi uphakeme makabe) -banele onkulunkulu abaningi. ilandiswa nguMuslim
• Futhi ekulandiseni kuka-Ibn Majah: “Mina ngimsulwa kuye, futhi ungowabakhulekeli abaningi.” Noma ubani ohlanganisa omunye unkulunkulu futhi aphendukele kuYe ngokukhonza, akukho senzo esihle esiyokwamukelwa kuye, futhi uAllah Ushiyela kulowo okuthiwa uhlanganyela naye, ngakho akalinde umvuzo ovela kuye.
• Kungenxa yalokho kukholelwa kuNkulunkulu oyedwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu wathumela abaProfethi nezithunywa futhi wehlisela iziNcwadi kubo, nabaProfethi balwa nabantu babo ukuze babadlulisele lowo myalezo ababethunyelwe wona, okuwukukhonza uNkulunkulu yedwa. Abaprofethi: 25
• Futhi ukuhlukanisa uNkulunkulu (Udumo malube Kuye) ngoBunye benhloso ezenzweni zokukhonza ngomlomo nangezenzo kuyincazelo ehlosiwe yokuhlanganisa ubunkulunkulu. Al-An'am: 162
• Futhi phakathi kwezenzo zangaphakathi zokukhulekela izinhliziyo ukunxusa, ukwesaba, ukwethembela, ukufuna usizo, nokufuna isiphephelo, ngakho kungokwaNkulunkulu kuphela, ngakho-ke ikholwa alithandazeli ngaphandle kukaMvelinqangi: “Futhi iNkosi yenu yathi: “Ngibizeleni! ngizokuphendula. Isiqephu: 60
• Futhi wesaba uNkulunkulu kuphela: “USathane kuphela owesabisa abangani bakhe, ngakho ningabesabi, kodwa ngesabani mina uma ningamakholwa.” Al Imran: 175
• Akathembeli ngaphandle kukaNkulunkulu: “Kwathi amadoda amabili aphakathi kwabesaba uNkulunkulu. I-Al Maeda: 23
• Futhi akafuni usizo ngaphandle kukaMvelinqangi: “Wena siyakhonza futhi sifuna usizo kuWe.” Al-Fatihah: 5
• Futhi akaceli isiphephelo ngaphandle kuAllah: “Yithi, ngiphephela eNkosini yabantu.” Abantu: 1

Kuyini ukubaluleka kokufana?

• Ukubaluleka kwesayensi yokukholelwa kuNkulunkulu oyedwa kukhulu kakhulu, njengoba kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ikholwa okufanele liyifunde, lapho lihlukanisa khona phakathi kwekholwa nongakholwa.
• Futhi ngenxa yokubaluleka kwawo okwedlulele kanye nokubaluleka kokuxhumana kwawo nabantu, uNkulunkulu wathumela indalo yaKhe engcono kakhulu kanye nayo, ngakho bakhandleka futhi babekezelela ukulimala ukuze badlulisele ubizo lwabo kithi.” UNowa (ukuthula kube kuye) waqhubeka eshumayela ngakho. phakathi kwabantu bakhe iminyaka eyinkulungwane kwasusa iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu, futhi ngenxa yakhe u-Abrahama (ukuthula kube kuye) waphonswa emlilweni, futhi endleleni yakhe kwabulawa izinkulungwane. indalo, uMuhammad (uNkulunkulu ambusise futhi amnikeze ukuthula), washushiswa futhi waxoshwa ezweni lakubo futhi walwa phakathi kwabantu abasondelene kakhulu naye.
• Kodwa abaProfethi nezithunywa baqhubeka bebambelele kukho kwaze kwafika isiqiniseko kubo, futhi baphezu kwalokho, ngakho-ke abazange bahluleke noma bahluleke, ngakho-ke kwangathi uNkulunkulu angabavuza ngomvuzo ongcono kakhulu esikhundleni sethu.
• Futhi abaProfethi bakaMvelinqangi bafa basishiya noBunye beNkosi yethu ukuze sivuke nabo emva kwabo futhi sikudlulisele ebantwaneni bethu futhi sibeluleka ukuba benze njengoba kwenza iziThunywa zikaMvelinqangi futhi phakathi kwabo kwakukhona uJakobe. ukuthula) lapho eqoqa amadodana akhe nabazukulu bakhe futhi ebabuza futhi ebacebisa ukuthi nizokhonza emva kwami ​​na? Bathi: “Sizokhonza uNkulunkulu wenu noNkulunkulu wawokhokho benu, u-Abrahama, no-Ismail, no-Isaka, uNkulunkulu oyedwa, nakuYe. siyazithoba.” Al-Baqara: 133
• Sicela uMvelinqangi ukuthi asivuse ngokukholelwa kuNkulunkulu oyedwa, Asenze sifele kukho, futhi Asivuse kubantu bakho.” Ngokugunyazwa kukaMuadh bin Jabal, wathi: “Kwathi uMthunywa kaNkulunkulu (ukuthula nezibusiso zikaMvelinqangi) : "Noma ubani okhuluma amazwi akhe okugcina, akekho unkulunkulu ngaphandle kukaNkulunkulu." Ilandiswa ngu-Abu Dawood namahhashi