Yiziphi izinengiso kanye nokuchithwa komkhuleko, njengoba kwabikwa nguMprofethi wethu oNgcwele na?

Umkhuleko uyinsika yesibili ye-Islam, ngokwegunya lika-Ibn Omar (uNkulunkulu angabathokozise bobabili) owathi: “Ngisizwile isiThunywa sika Nkulunkulu (ukuthula makube phezu kwakhe) sithi: “I-Islam yakhelwe phezu kwayo. ezinhlanu: ukufakaza ukuthi akekho unkulunkulu ngaphandle kukaNkulunkulu nokuthi uMuhammad uyisiThunywa sikaAllah, omisa umkhuleko, nokunikela iZakat, ukuzila iRamadhan, nokuhambela eNdlini kulabo abakwaziyo.

Incazelo yomthandazo

• Umkhuleko uwukuxhumana phakathi kwenceku neNkosi yayo, futhi uyinsika enkulu kunazo zonke ye-Islam emva kobufakazi obubili bokholo, ngakho-ke uyinsika enkulu kunazo zonke ye-Islam. phansi, futhi uma engakwazi, angawenza umthandazo ngisho nangamehlo akhe.
• Futhi noma ubani ongakwazi ukugeza, wenza i-tayammam, futhi uma labo abahlanjululwe bengenalo uthuli namanzi, uyathandaza, futhi akukho muntu okhululekile kukho ngaphandle kwalabo abanezaba ezizwakalayo uNkulunkulu abavimbele ukuba bakhulekele isikhashana, njengokuthi ukuya esikhathini nokubeletha, futhi ayikho enye indlela yokuthethelela umthandazo ngaphandle kwalokho.
• Umkhuleko uyisisekelo seSulumane ekunamatheleni kwakhe emiyalweni nasekuvinjweni kwenkolo yakhe, ngakho-ke noma ngubani oyibamba ngekhanda uyigcinile inkolo yakhe, futhi noma ngubani ongawunakiyo ulahlekelwe yinkolo yakhe ngoba iwona umehluko weqiniso phakathi kwekholwa nongalaleli. Isivumelwano esiphakathi kwethu nabo singumthandazo, ngakho-ke lowo owushiyayo akakholwanga.” Ilandiswa ngu-Ahmed, Abu Dawood, Al-Tirmidhi, Al-Nasa'i kanye no-Ibn Majah
• Umthandazo ngencazelo yawo ewumshoshaphansi, iqoqo lamagama nezenzo ezithile ngendlela ethile nangesikhathi esithile, oqala nge-takbeer agcine ngokubingelela.Wenziwa ngenhloso yokukhonza uNkulunkulu (Udumo malube Kuye) .
• Ngakho-ke, umkhuleko unezimo, izinsika, izimiso, kanye neSunnah okumele iMuslim likwazi ukuze umthandazo walo ube semthethweni, ngoba ukushiya ezinye zazo kungase kumenze umkhuleko wakhe ube yize noma kunciphise inani lomvuzo wakhe kuyilapho ekwazi ukuwuqeda. Kuyiqiniso insika enkulu yamaSulumane.
• Esandleni sikaJaber bin Abdullah (kwangathi uNkulunkulu angajabula ngabo bobabili), wathi: “Saphuma ngohambo, futhi itshe lashaya omunye wethu, walinquma ekhanda, wabe esephupha iphupho elimanzi. , wabe esebuza abangane bakhe, Wathi: Niyangithola yini imvume entandaneni? Bathi: “Asikutholi imvume uma usukwazi ukukha amanzi, wabe esegeza, wafa.
  Ngakho-ke uma sifika kuMphrofethi (uNkulunkulu ambusise futhi amnike ukuthula), watshelwa ngalokho, wathi: “Bambulele, uNkulunkulu ubabulele.” Yazini; Ukuphela kokwelapha ogulayo umbuzo, kodwa kwakwanele kuye ukwenza tayammam, bese ebeka indwangu phezu kwenxeba lakhe, bese esula phezu kwayo, futhi asigeze, abuze umzimba wakhe wonke.
• Ngakho-ke le hadith ikhomba ukuthi ukushiya ulwazi ngento engenzeka kungenza umnikazi wayo ahlupheke, futhi ikhombisa ukuthi lowo ongazi akufanele akhulume ngalokho akwaziyo aze abuyele kowaziyo.
• Futhi umkhuleko unezivimbelo, kuhlanganise nalezo ezingavumelekile nezingathandwa, uma iMuslim liwela kuzo, umvuzo walo uyoncishiswa kakhulu, futhi incazelo yalokho okungathandwa kuyinto eyenqatshelwe yiSharia ngendlela enganqunyelwe, ukuze kuthi noma ubani. akusona yini isono noma ukujeziswa, futhi noma ubani obambelela kukho futhi ayishiye ngokuvumelana nemithetho kaNkulunkulu kanye nesiThunywa saKhe uyoklonyeliswa, futhi kukhona izenzo uma iMuslim lizenza emkhulekweni walo. , futhi kubizwa ngokuthi abavimbeli bomthandazo.

Yiziphi izinengiso kanye nokungavunyelwa komthandazo?

Ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko:

• Ukuzulazula ngomthandazo
• Imizimba eyahlukene yomthandazo
• Izimo zidinga ukuqedwa ngokushesha kanye nokuntuleka kwenhlonipho kuzo

Okokuqala: Mayelana nokuphazamisa umthandazo:

Umkhulekeli uyangcolisa futhi enze ukunyakaza okudlulele okungeyona ingxenye yokunyakaza komkhuleko, kungaba ngomzimba wakhe, izingubo, nanoma yini yangaphandle, okuholela ekulimazeni khushoo yakhe emthandazweni, ngaphandle uma kunesidingo futhi kulinganiswa ngokwamandla akhe.Izibonelo zalokhu yilezi:

Ukuphazamisa umzimba, njengokunqamula noma ukuhlanganisa iminwe

• Futhi ukuqhekeka kuwukucwayiza kweminwe yezandla noma yezinyawo kuze kuzwakale umsindo, futhi akuthandeki emicabangweni emine, futhi yilokho okwavela ku-Ali (uAllah ajabule ngaye) ukuthi umProfethi ( sengathi uNkulunkulu angambusisa futhi amnike ukuthula) wathi kuye: “Ungaqheki iminwe ngenkathi uthandaza.” Ilandiswa ngu-Ibn Majah
• Ngokuqondene nokuxhumanisa, wukufaka iminwe yesinye isandla kwesinye, futhi akuthandeki ngaphambi naphakathi komkhuleko.Mayelana ngemva kokuqeda umkhuleko, akukho ukuphikiswa. Ngokugunyazwa ngu-Abu Saeed Al-Khudri (kwangathi uNkulunkulu angajabula. kanye naye) ukuthi uMprofethi (ukuthula kube kuye) wathi: “Uma omunye wenu eseMosque, makangahlangani, ukuxhumana kuvela kuSathane, futhi omunye wenu usathandaza inqobo nje use-mosque aze ayishiye.” Ilandiswa ngu-Ahmed
• Futhi ngegunya likaKa'b bin Ajrah (uNkulunkulu angajabula ngaye) ukuthi isiThunywa sika Allah (ukuthula nezibusiso zika Nkulunkulu kube phezu kwakhe) sathi: “Uma omunye wenu enza ukungcola futhi akwenze kahle, bese ephuma. ngenhloso yokuya e-mosque, khona-ke akufanele ahlanganise iminwe yakhe, ngoba usemkhulekweni.” Ilandiswa ngu-Ahmed, Abu Dawood, Al-Tirmidhi kanye no-Al-Nasa'i

Phendukela kokungadingeki

• Ukuphenduka ngomkhuleko lapho singekho isidingo kuyizinhlobo ezahlukene: Ezinye zazo ziwuqeda umthandazo uma iMuslim liphendulela ngokuphelele isifuba salo bese liphendukela kwelinye icala ngaphandle kweQiblah, njengoba lokhu kwenza umkhuleko ube ungasebenzi. Ngoba omunye wemibandela yokufaneleka komkhuleko wukubhekana neQiblah ngaso sonke isikhathi.
• Mayelana nokuphendula ikhanda noma ukubuka nje iso ngenkathi isifuba sisabheke eQiblah, akuthandwa.” Unina wamakholwa u-Aisha (uNkulunkulu angajabula naye) wathi: Ngabuza uMprofethi (ukuthula nezibusiso). kaNkulunkulu makube phezu kwakhe) mayelana nokuphenduka ngesikhathi somkhuleko. Ilandiswa ngu-Al-Bukhari, kanye nencazelo yokukhwabanisa: ukuthatha into ngokushesha ngaphandle kokunganaki komnikazi wayo.
• Kepha uma ebeyisidingo, ubengeke azonde, bese kuphenduke isiThunywa sikaMvelinqangi (imithandazo nokuthula phezu kwakhe) sithandazele isidingo, bese kuba indodana ka-Ibn Al-Hanzali (uAllah) ethokozile ngaye) wathi: “Ukhuleka ebheke kubantu.” Ilandiswa ngu-Abu Dawood, futhi wathi: “Futhi wathumela inkweli yehhashi kubantu ebusuku ukuba igade. U-Al-Albani ukuqinisekisile

Ebheka ukuthi yini emphazamisa emthandazweni

• Kuyazondwa ngomkhulekeli ukuba agxile kokuthile okumphazamisa emthandazweni, ngakho uyakuzonda ukuthandaza phambi kwesibuko esibonisa izithombe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuwumfanekiso wakhe noma womunye umuntu; Ngoba uzobe ematasa ngayo.
• Kuyazondwa futhi ukukhuleka phambi kukamabonakude noma ikhompyutha ngesikhathi besebenza ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukuba matasa futhi, kuyazondwa nokubheka ocingweni ukwazi ofonayo ngesikhathi sokukhuleka ukuze aphazamiseke kuyo, ngakho zonke lezi zenzo ziphazamisa ingqondo emthandazweni.
• Mayelana nokukhipha ifoni engutsheni, uyibuke, ukwazi ofonayo, ukuyiphazamisa, noma ukuyicisha, lezi yizenzo eziningi ezesatshwayo ezingaholela ekutheni umkhuleko ungabi namandla ngokuphelele ngenxa yokuxakeka kakhulu. umsebenzi ngaphandle kwezenzo zomkhuleko.
• Futhi ubufakazi yilokhu okwavela ngegunya lika-Aisha (uNkulunkulu angajabula ngaye) ukuthi uMprofethi (ukuthula nezibusiso zika-Allah kube kuye) wayethandaza egqoke ihembe elalinamafulege, ngakho wabheka amafulege alo ukuze abuke; kwathi lapho eseqedile wathi: “Hamba naleli hembe lami uye ku-Abu Jahm futhi ungilethele i-Anbajaniya ka-Abu Jahm, ngoba ingiphazamise emthandazweni wami.” ” Bukhari kanye Muslim
• Uma isiThunywa (uNkulunkulu ambusise futhi asinike ukuthula) simphazamise phakathi nemikhuleko yakhe ngezingubo ezazinamafulege anemibala, pho-ke kuthiwani ngamanye amaMuslim, futhi kanjani ngethuluzi elisebenza noma eliveza izithombe noma isibuko abantu abahamba kuso!
• U-Al-Nawawi, kwangathi uNkulunkulu angamhawukela, wathi: “Kuyazondwa ngowesilisa noma owesifazane ukuthandaza nomuntu wesilisa noma owesifazane phambi kwalowo owamukelayo futhi ombonayo.” Ucaphuna u-Umar ibn al-Khattab kanye no-Othman. ibn Affan (kwangathi uNkulunkulu angajabula ngabo bobabili) ezonda lezi ziphazamiso eziphazamisa umthandazo.

Ebheka phezulu esibhakabhakeni

• Kwathiwa kwakungavunyelwe ukuthi umuntu aphakamisele amehlo esibhakabhakeni ngesikhathi somkhuleko ngemva kokuba isiThunywa sikaMvelinqangi (ukuthula kube kuye) sasikwenza ngesikhathi lapho ayenethemba lokuguqula iQiblah libe yiNdlu eNgcwele. futhi iNkosi yethu Isitshele ngakho, Yathi: «Singabona ukuphenduka kobuso bakho esibhakabhakeni. Ngakho-ke bhekisa ubuso bakho ngase-Mosque eliNgcwele, futhi noma ngabe ukuphi, bhekisa ubuso bakho ngakulo.
• Esandleni sika-Abu Hurairah (kwangathi uNkulunkulu angajabula ngaye), wathi: “Kwakuthi njalo uma isiThunywa sika Allah (uMvelinqangi abusise futhi asinike ukuthula) sikhuleka, sasiphakamisela amehlo aso esibhakabhakeni, bese siveza, “ Abazithobayo emthandazweni wabo,” wagebisa ikhanda. Ilandiswa ngu-Al-Hakim no-Al-Bayhaqi
• وورد النهي صريحًا بعدها بحديث صريح، فعن أَنَس بْن مَالِكٍ (رضي الله عنه) قَالَ: قَالَ النَّبِيُّ (صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ): “مَا بَالُ أَقْوَامٍ يَرْفَعُونَ أَبْصَارَهُمْ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ فِي صَلَاتِهِمْ فَاشْتَدَّ قَوْلُهُ فِي ذَلِكَ حَتَّى قَالَ: لَيَنْتَهُنَّ عَنْ ذَلِكَ أَوْ لَتُخْطَفَنَّ أَبْصَارُهُمْ .” Ilandiswa ngu-Al-Bukhari

Vala amehlo ngomthandazo

• I-Islam yayikushisekela ukungalingisa abantu abangewona amaSulumane ekukhulekeleni, futhi kwakungenye yezimpawu zamaJuda neZazi, uma bekhonza, ukuvala amehlo abo, futhi iZazi zazikwenza uma zithandazela ilanga.
• Izazi zathi ayithandwa ngaphandle kwesidingo ngoba yephula iSunnah.I-Sunnah iwukuba okhonzayo abuke indawo yokukhothama, ngakho-ke zonke izenzo eziphambene nazo azithandwa.

Ukwelula nokucwiliswa emthandazweni

Kuyisenzo esiphikisana nenhlonipho, futhi ukwelula noma ukwelula kuwukwelula, futhi kuthatha umuntu ekuhlonipheni emthandazweni, nokubikezela ubuvila emthandazweni, futhi kuyisenzo iMuslim akhululwa kuso.

Ukufinyeza emthandazweni

• Ku-hadith elandiswa ngegunya lika-Abu Hurairah (kwangathi uNkulunkulu angajabula ngaye) ukuthi umProfethi (ukuthula nezibusiso zikaNkulunkulu kube phezu kwakhe) “wenqabela umuntu ukuthandaza eqamele.” Bukhari kanye Muslim
• Ukufinyeza ukuthi umuntu abeke isandla okhalweni, kanti ukhalo luphakathi komuntu ongaphansi kwesisu sakhe, futhi isizathu sokuvinjelwa kwathiwa kwenqatshelwe ukulingisa abantu baseSihogweni. Kwabikwa ngegunya lika-Abu Hurairah (uNkulunkulu angajabula ngaye) ngochungechunge lokudlulisela: “Ubufushane emthandazweni yinduduzo yabantu baseSihogweni.” Ilandiswa ngu-Ibn Khuzaimah
• Futhi kwathiwa ulingisa usathane, ngakho-ke u-Abdullah bin Abbas (uNkulunkulu angajabula ngabo) wakusho, no-Ibn Abi Shaybah wakulandisa, futhi kwathiwa ulingisa amaJuda, njengoba lokhu kwavela ngegunya. ka-Aisha (kwangathi uNkulunkulu angajabula ngaye) encwadini ethi Sahih Al-Bukhari.

Ukwamukela okuthile okunomlilo eqiblah

• IsiThunywa sikaMvelinqangi (uNkulunkulu angasibusisa futhi asinike ukuthula) sakwenqabela ukubhekana nento okwakuvutha kuyo umlilo ubheke ngaseQiblah, ngoba lokhu kufanekisa amaMagi nokukhulekela umlilo.
• Ngakho-ke uSalman (uNkulunkulu angajabula ngaye) uthi, lapho ekhuluma ngempilo yakhe yangaphambili ngaphambi kwe-Islam, njengoba ayengumPheresiya enkolweni yamaMagi: “Ngasebenza kanzima kumaMagi ngaze ngaba ukotini womlilo owaba yingozi. wawuthungela, akawuvumela ukuba ucime ihora lonke.” Ilandiswa ngu-Ahmed
• Lesi sinqumo asibandakanyi ukwamukela ama-heater njengokusho kwezazi ngoba akuwona umlilo ovutha amalangabi.

Ukumboza izinwele nezingubo, ukugoqa imikhono, nokusula isiphongo ngokungcola namatshana.

• Ukuba matasa ngokubopha izinwele, ukuzikhumula, ukugoqa ingubo noma ukugoqa imikhono kuyo, kanjalo nokusula ibunzi ebhuqwini namatshe amatshe uma zibambelele esiphongweni ngenxa yokuguqa phansi kuwo wonke ama-rak'ah futhi ukukhothama ekugxileni ekuthandazeni nasekukhwabaniseni okuzondwayo; ngoba inomsebenzi owengeziwe ophazamisa umthandazo, ikakhulukazi uma uphindaphindwa.
• Ngegunya lika-Abu Said Al-Khudri (uMvelinqangi Ajabule ngaye) owathi: “Ngabona uMthunywa kaNkulunkulu (ukuthula makube kuye) ekhothame emanzini nasodaka, ngaze ngabona umkhondo wodaka. ebunzini lakhe.” Bukhari kanye Muslim
• Nokho, uma ukungcola noma amatshe kulimaza umkhulekeli, khona-ke kufanele asuswe futhi asulwe ngaphandle kwamahloni, kuyilapho enaka ukuwanciphisa ukuze angaphazamisi umuntu emthandazweni wakhe.

Ukuphimisa amathe ngesikhathi somkhuleko, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kubheke ngaseQiblah noma kwesokudla, kulabo abakhuleka ogwadule.

• Ukuvinjelwa kwavela kulokho u-Abu Hurairah (uNkulunkulu angajabula ngaye) ukuthi isiThunywa sika Allah (uMvelinqangi Ambusise) sabona isikhwehlela eQhiblah lesonto lamaSulumane, ngakho saphendukela kubantu, sathi: “Kungani omunye wenu emi maqondana neNkosi yakhe futhi efela amathe phambi kwakhe? Ingabe wena Vinkha uthola ebusweni bakhe? Uma omunye kini ekhafula, makakhafulele ngakwesokhohlo phansi konyawo lwakhe; uma engakutholi, makasho kanje.
• Umlandeli weHadeth wasichaza lesi sici, ngakho wakhafulela ingubo yakhe, wabe esesula enye yayo phezu kwesinye.
• Futhi noma ubani okhuleka ogwadule, okungukuthi indawo enkulu yezwe elingeyona indawo yokukhulekela yamaSulumane, futhi kudingeka ukuthi aphimise, kufanele akhafule ngaphansi kwezinyawo zakhe noma kwesokunxele; Lokhu kuwukuziphatha okuhle ekusebenzelaneni noNkulunkulu (Udumo malube Kuye), futhi ukwenza kuyazondwa emthandazweni, ngoba inceku iphendukela kanjani kuNkulunkulu, bese uNkulunkulu eyiqabula bese ibubula phambi kobuso bayo!

Ezamula emthandazweni

• Uma lokhu kwenziwa ngaphandle kokuzama ukukunqanda, kungaba ngokuvala izindebe, ngokucindezela amazinyo, noma ngokubeka intende emlonyeni, khona-ke izazi zezomthetho zikaHanafi, uShafi’i kanye noHanbali zithi kuyanyanya ukuzamula emthandazweni.
• Futhi bacaphuna njengobufakazi lokho okwafika ngegunya lika-Abu Hurairah (uMvelinqangi Ajabule ngaye) ngegunya loMprofethi (ukuthula nezibusiso zika-Allah zibe phezu kwakhe) owathi: “UNkulunkulu uthanda ukuthimula futhi uyakuzonda ukuzamula. ngakho-ke uma omunye wenu ezamula, akayeke ngokusemandleni akhe, ngoba lapho omunye wenu ezamula, uSathane uyamhleka.” Ilandiswa ngu-Al-Bukhari

Okwesibili: Umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo zomkhuleko kanye nefomu elishiwo kuSunnah, okuhlanganisa:

Ukusabalalisa izingalo ngenkathi ukhothama kufana nombhede wenja noma umbhede onezinyawo eziyisikhombisa

• Futhi ukubonakala kwakhe ukuthi okhonzayo welula izandla zakhe kusukela ezindololwaneni kuya ezintendeni zezandla, ngakho-ke akaziphakamisi izindololwane futhi azinamathele phansi, njengamanye amabhubesi nezinja, futhi lesi yisikhundla esinqatshelwe.
• Esandleni sika-Anas (uNkulunkulu angajabula ngaye), wathi: “IsiThunywa sikaMvelinqangi (uNkulunkulu ambusise futhi asinike ukuthula) sathi: “Qoqani niguqe, futhi akekho kini ongelula izingalo zakhe njengenja. .” Bukhari kanye Muslim
• Kuqinisekile ukuthi ukufaniswa komuntu nesilwane, noma ngabe kuseKur’an noma kuyiSunnah, akufiki ngaphandle kwendawo yokusola, hhayi ukuhlonishwa.

Ukungingiza, ukudonsa, nokufakwa kwezithulu

• Iveyili isuka ekugqokeni isihenqo esivala umlomo nekhala kwabesilisa, kanti idrape okusho ukuthi idrape noma idrape, ingubo yinde kakhulu ize ithinte phansi noma umsila udonse phansi.
• Ukwenqatshelwa kokungingiza kweza ku-hadith ka-Abu Hurairah (kwangathi uNkulunkulu angajabula ngaye): “IsiThunywa sikaNkulunkulu (sengathi imikhuleko kaNkulunkulu nokuthula makube phezu kwakhe) senqabele umuntu ukuthi avale umlomo ngesikhathi ethandaza.” Ilandiswa ngu-Abu Dawood kanye no-Ibn Majah
• Ngisho kowesifazane, kungu-makrooh ukuthandaza nge-niqab, ngakho-ke owesifazane angase ambule ubuso bakhe ngesikhathi sokuthandaza kanye ne-ihram, ngoba ukuvala ubuso akuvumeli i-Muslim ukuthi ibeke isiphongo sakhe nekhala phansi.
• Kepha uma kunesidingo sowesifazane, njengokuba khona kwabangewona ama-mahram, ngakho-ke akunyanyiswa, futhi nokungathandi kuyasuswa endodeni uma ekudinga lokho, njengokuthi unokulimala ebusweni bakhe futhi. bumboze bonke ubuso bakhe, khona-ke akathandwa ngaleso sikhathi.
• Futhi naku-hadith ka-Abu Dawud ngegunya lika-Abu Hurairah, “UmProfethi (uNkulunkulu ambusise futhi amqhubekise ngokuthula) wenqabela ukulenga phansi emthandazweni, kanye nokuba umuntu avale umlomo wakhe.”
• Futhi kuyona, osolwazi bathi isbal esiphuma ekuzikhukhumezelweni nasekuzikhukhumezeni senqatshelwe isivumelwano, kepha uma isbal singazikhukhumezi, kusho ukungaboni ngaso linye phakathi kwezazi zezomthetho, kepha kuzo zonke izimo akushayi phansi umkhuleko. .
• Ukufakwa komuntu oyisithulu akumenzi umSulumane enze ukunyakaza komkhuleko, ngakho-ke akakhothami futhi akhothame ngendlela efanele ngoba izandla zakhe azikhululekile, futhi lokhu kuwukwephula uhlobo lomkhuleko.

Ukufunda i-Qur'an ngenkathi ukhothama futhi ukhothama

• Naphezu komvuzo omkhulu wokufunda iKur'an ngaso sonke isikhathi nendawo, isiThunywa (sengathi imikhuleko kaMvelinqangi nokuthula kube phezu kwakhe) wasitshela ukuthi ukukhothama nokukhuleka akusiyo indawo yokufunda iKur'an, nokuthi yena (ukuthula makube kuye). futhi izibusiso zikaNkulunkulu zibe phezu kwakhe) kwenqatshelwe ukufunda iKur'an kuzo.
• فجاء عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ (رضي الله عنهما) قَالَ: كَشَفَ رَسُولُ اللهِ (صلى الله عليه وسلم) السِّتَارَةَ، وَالنَّاسُ صُفُوفٌ خَلْفَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَقَالَ: “أَيُّهَا ​​​​النَّاسُ، إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَبْقَ مِنْ مُبَشِّرَاتِ النُّبُوَّةِ إِلَّا الرُّؤْيَا الصَّالِحَةُ يَرَاهَا الْمُسْلِمُ، أَوْ تُرَى لَهُ، Hhayi ukuthi ngikwenqabele ukufunda iKur’an, ukuguqa noma ukukhuleka, futhi mayelana nokuguqa, bakhulela eNkosini (inkazimulo mayibe kuNkulunkulu), nangenxa yokukhothama, nangenxa; ilandiswa nguMuslim
• Lokhu kungenxa yesikhundla esiphezulu seKur’an, ngakho-ke ayifundwa ngokukhothama noma ukukhothama, futhi iningi lezazi lathi ukuvinjelwa kungokwamakrooh, hhayi ukwenqabela.
• Abanye bangase babuze ukuthi yisiphi isinqumo sokunxusa okukhulunywa ngakho kwi-Qur’an uma iMuslim likusho ngesikhathi likhuleka? Izazi zathi ukunxusa okuhambisana nokunxusa okukhulunywa ngakho emavesini eQur’an endaweni yokukhothama akufakiwe ekuvinjweni, ngoba lokho okushiwo ngakho ukunxusa, hhayi nje ukuphindaphinda.

Ekhomba ngezandla uma ebingelela

• KunamaMuslim akhomba ngesandla sokudla ekubingeleleni kokuqala, ngakho-ke avula kwesokudla kanjalo nakwesokunxele ekubingeleleni kwesibili, futhi lokhu kwenqatshelwa yisiThunywa sikaMvelinqangi (iNkosi ibusise futhi isinike ukuthula). .
• Esandleni sikaJaber bin Samra (kwangathi uNkulunkulu angajabula ngaye), wathi: “Lapho sikhuleka nesiThunywa sikaAllah (uNkulunkulu ambusise futhi asinike ukuthula), sasisithi: Ukuthula nomusa kaMvelinqangi makube phezu kwenu! ukuthula nesihe sikaNkulunkulu makube phezu kwenu, futhi wakhomba ngesandla sakhe nhlangothi zombili: “Kungani ninyakazisa ngezandla zenu njengokungathi ziyimisila yamahhashi elanga? kwanele ukuba omunye wenu abeke isandla sakhe ethangeni lakhe, bese ebingelela umfowabo kusukela kwesokunene nangakwesokhohlo. Ilandiswa ngu-Imam Muslim

Okwesithathu: Ukukhuleka ngaphansi kwezimo ezidinga ukuthi umuntu asheshe akuqede futhi angazithobi kukho

Kunezimo nezimo ezithile lapho umuntu ethandaza lapho engase afune ukusheshisa ukuqeda umthandazo futhi angathotshiswa ngokuphelele kuwo, kuhlanganise:

Umthandazo phambi kokudla

• Kukhona icala lapho ukudla kulungiselelwa iMuslim bese kwenziwa umthandazo, ngakho-ke iMuslim linamahloni okudla ukudla ngaphambi komkhuleko, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi lilambile noma lifisa ukudla, ngakho liyathandaza lifuna ukuphuthuma ukuqeda. umthandazo futhi wephula inhlonipho yakhe ngawo.
• Wathi (ukuthula kube kuye): “Uma omunye wenu eseqedile isidlo sakusihlwa futhi umkhuleko usumisiwe, qalani ngesidlo sakusihlwa futhi ningajahi kuze kuqedwe. Bukhari kanye Muslim
• Kuyafiseleka ukuthi aqale adle kuqala angajahi ukuqeda ukudla kwakhe, ngakho-ke udla isidingo sakhe ngokuphelele, noma ngabe umnuzzin ubiza umthandazo noma iqaamah imisiwe futhi uphuthelwe ibandla.

Ekhuleka nomvikeli wobubi obubili

• UmSulumane kungenzeka ukuthi wenza ukungcola futhi akafuni ukuvuselela ukuhlanzeka kwakhe ngenxa yamakhaza noma ukuba matasa noma okunye, kodwa uphusha ukungcola okubili noma okukodwa kwakho, futhi ukungcola okubili kungumchamo kanye nendle, ngakho-ke ufuna ukuqeda lokho okunqunyiwe. umthandazo ngesikhathi, ngakho uyakhuleka kulesi simo lapho eshesha ukuqeda umkhuleko ukuze ahambe ayofeza izidingo zakhe, ngaleyo ndlela aphazamise inhlonipho yakhe kanye nesiqiniseko emthandazweni wakhe; Lokhu kuyazondwa ngoba kuthinta inhlonipho, kusheshisa ukwenza umkhuleko, futhi kususe isiqiniseko.
• Kwabikwa kuyi-Sahih Muslim ukuthi uMprofethi (i-Allah) wathi: “Awukho umthandazo lapho kukhona ukudla, futhi awuvikelwa ukungcola okubili. Ukuphikiswa komkhuleko akuthandeki, akusebenzi, njengoba umkhuleko uvumelekile, noma ungathandi.
• Mayelana nesinqumo salowo owayevikela abagibeli ababili futhi esaba ukuthi isikhathi sokuthandaza sizophela, izifundiswa zathi uyathandaza noma evikela umlingo uma emlindile isikhathi sokungena endlini yangasese. khona-ke ukungcola kwakhe kugejelwe isikhathi somkhuleko bese kuqala isikhathi somunye umkhuleko, ngakho-ke uthandaza ngokungathandi kungcono kunokuphuthelwa isikhathi sako, futhi lona umbono weningi lezazi.
• Nakuba abanye bamaShafi bethi: Unikela ukufeza isidingo sakhe, noma ngabe isikhathi sesiphelile, ukufeza inhloso enkulu yomkhuleko, okuwukuthobeka, futhi umbono womphakathi uyindlela yokuzivikela, ngoba ngokusho kwesisho. ukuthi kuvumelekile ukususa umkhuleko ngesikhathi sawo, kwenziwa ngoba isikhathi sawo sesidlulile.

Umthandazo lapho uzumeka

• Ukulala lapha akulona uphawu lokulala noma ukuzwa ukukudinga, kodwa okushiwo ukulala ukuthi akakwazi ukugxila emazwini akhe futhi akakhumbuli ukukhumbula kwakhe i-Qur'an ngenxa yesidingo sakhe sokulala ngokweqile. Okulungile lapha wukucambalala ngoba akukho ukuzithoba, isiqinisekiso, nanoma iyiphi insika yomkhuleko.
• Ngegunya lika-Aisha (uNkulunkulu angajabula ngaye) ukuthi uMprofethi (ukuthula nezibusiso zika-Allah kube phezu kwakhe) wathi: “Uma omunye wenu elala, akalale kuze kuphele ubuthongo kuye, ngoba uma ukhuleka elele, angahamba ayocela intethelelo azithuke. Ilandiswa ngu-Al-Bukhari Muslim nabanye
• Kwenye i-hadith kwavela ngegunya lika-Abu Hurairah (kwangathi uNkulunkulu angajabula ngaye) ukuthi umProfethi (ukuthula nezibusiso zikaNkulunkulu kube phezu kwakhe) wathi: “Uma omunye wenu evuka ebusuku futhi iKur’an ibambelele. ngolimi lwakhe futhi akazi ukuthi athini, khona-ke kufanele alale. Ilandiswa ngu-Ahmed noMuslim
• Esandleni sika-Anas, ngegunya loMprofethi (uNkulunkulu ambusise futhi amnike ukuthula), owathi: “Uma omunye wenu elala ethandaza, makalale ukuze azi ukuthi yini ayishoyo. Ilandiswa ngu-Al-Bukhari
• Futhi lawa ma Hadith, nakuba iningi lawo kwakhulunywa ngalo endabeni yemithandazo yokuzithandela ebusuku, kodwa izazi zathi lesi sinqumo sihlanganisa nemithandazo ephoqelekile kanye neyokuziphendulela ebusuku noma emini, kodwa umthandazo oyimpoqo awusuki esikhathini sawo sokuthi uNkulunkulu. umisile.
• Kodwa konke lokhu kuncike ezingeni lesidingo sokulala elivala ingqondo ekuqondeni okushiwo yiMuslim, ngakho-ke angase azithuke ngesikhathi ehlose ukumthandazela.

Izinengiso zomthandazo wezingane

Alikho igama kumthetho wamaSulumane elichaza lokho okungathandwa ekukhulekeleni izingane, ngoba izingane azidingeki ngokomthetho ukuthi zithandaze, ngakho-ke izingane zifundiswa ukuthandaza ukuze zijwayele kuphela, futhi uma zifinyelela ebudaleni, ziyakhokhiswa. ngezindleko zomthetho ngokugcwele njengabantu abadala, ngakho-ke lokho okuzondwa kwamanye amaSulumane kuyazondwa kubo futhi bayaphuma Bese besuka eqenjini lezingane.

Kuyini ukungavunyelwa komthandazo?

Ukuchithwa komkhuleko kufana nokungawenzi ngokuphelele futhi kudinga ukuthi uphindwe, futhi kuhlukaniswe ngezizathu ezimbili ezinkulu, kungaba ngokwenza esisodwa sazo, noma zombili ndawonye, ​​kungaba ngokwenza okunqatshelwe kukho noma ngokushiya okuthile. isibopho kuwo.

Ukungavumeleki komkhuleko ngokujwayelekile yilezi:

• Ukudla nokuphuza ngamabomu
• Ukukhuluma ngamabomu akusiyo inzalo yomthandazo
• Ukwenza okuningi ngamabomu, okungukuthi, emsebenzini okungewona owohlobo olufanayo nomthandazo
• Kuhlekwe emthandazweni
• Ukushiya ngamabomu omunye wemibandela yawo, enye yezinsika zawo, noma omunye wemisebenzi yawo ngaphandle kwezaba.

Izinengiso zomthandazo lapho oMaliki

Ukungathandwa komkhuleko ngokwamaMaliki kuningi futhi kudinga isihloko esihlukile ngokwako, ngakho-ke abakwaMaliki balinganisela kwabangaphezu kwamashumi amabili abangathandwa, futhi sikufingqa kanje:

• Isiphephelo kanye neBismillah ngaphambi kwe-Al-Fatihah neSurah ekubekweni
• Ukunxusa ngemuva kwe-takbeer yokuvula nangaphambi kokufunda i-Al-Fatihah kanye ne-surah
• Ukunxusa ngenkathi kukhothama, ngaphambi kwe-tashahhud yokuqala neyokugcina, nangemva kwe-tashahhud yokuqala
• Ukunxusa ngemva kokuthula kuka-imam
• Ukunxusa ngokuzwakalayo ngesikhathi sokuguqa
• Ukuphindaphinda i-tashahhud
• Ukukhothama phezu kwezingubo zomkhulekeli
• Ukuphindaphinda i-Kur’an ngenkathi ukhothama noma ukhothama, ngaphandle kwalokho okusebusweni bokunxusa
• Ukunxusa okuqondile okukufakazela ukuthi akuncengi lutho olunye
• Phenduka ngomthandazo ngaphandle kwesidingo
• Iminwe yaphambana yanqamuka
• ukukhuleka
• Ukunciphisa ukuma
• Amehlo avaliwe, ngaphandle kwalowo osaba ukuthi angase abheke kokuthile okumkhathazayo
• Yima ngomlenze owodwa uphakamise omunye
• Ukubeka unyawo olulodwa kolunye ngokukhuleka
• Ukucabangela okuthile okungajwayelekile
• Ephethe into emkhonweni noma emlonyeni, ngisho noma ephethe okuthile emlonyeni futhi uvimbele inkulumo yakhe, umthandazo wakhe awusebenzi.
• Ukuphazamisa intshebe yakhe noma enye into
• Makadunyiswe uNkulunkulu ngokuthimula noma izindaba ezinhle azishumayelayo, ngakho ukudunyiswa kulezi zimo kungaphezu kwezenzo zomthandazo.
• Ekhomba ngekhanda noma ngesandla ukuphendula lowo omnukayo uma enze njalo
• Ukunwaya umzimba akudingekile
• Ukumamatheka kancane kuyazondwa futhi okuningi akuvumelekile
• Ukushiya ngamabomu enye yeSunnah
• Ukuphindaphinda i-surah noma ivesi kuma-rak'ah amabili okugcina ngemuva kwe-Al-Fatihah
• Eshaya izandla emthandazweni

Yiziphi izimo zokufaneleka komthandazo?

Isimo kanye nensika kungezinye zezinto ezidingekayo ukuze umkhuleko ube yiqiniso, kodwa umehluko phakathi kwakho ukuthi izimo zifika ngaphambi kokuba umuntu angene emthandazweni, futhi imisebenzi ingemuva kwawo, futhi imibandela yokuthandaza imihlanu, okungukuthi. yilezi:

• Ukungena ngesikhathi somkhuleko, ngakho-ke akuvumelekile ukukhuleka ngaphambi kwaso, futhi akubhekwa njengokwenziwa ngemuva kokuphela kwesikhathi.
• Ukubhekana ne-qiblah, ngakho-ke akuvumelekile ukuyenza ngaphandle kwe-qiblah noma isiqondiso sayo, ngenkathi yenza kube lula ukwahlulela kulabo abangazange bayikhiphe ezindleleni eziningi zokudonsa.
• Ukumboza izitho zangasese, ngakho-ke akuvumelekile ukuthandazela lowo ozitho zakhe zangasese zivele obala, futhi kukhona umehluko ezithweni zangasese phakathi komncane nomdala, phakathi kwendoda nowesifazane, naphakathi kokhululekile nesigqila. .
• Ukuhlanzwa kuvela ezintweni ezimbili ezinkulu ezingcolile ngokuwasha kanye nokuncane ngokugeza
• Ukuhlanzwa kwezingubo akhuleka kuzo kanye nomzimba ngesikhathi sokukhuleka nendawo akhuleka kuyo, umuntu ube esehlose ukukhuleka ukuze kube nezinsika, imisebenzi kanye namaSunnah kukho.