Isikole esisakaza ngokuvikela umphakathi kanye neqhaza laso elibalulekile emphakathini

Ukuzivikela komphakathi kungenye yezinsika ezibaluleke kakhulu zombuso wanamuhla, njengoba inikeza izinsizakalo ezinhle emphakathini, ukuwuvikela emiphumeleni yomlilo, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwemigwaqo kanye nezindlela zokuhamba, nokusekela izinsizakalo zokuxhumana.

Ukuvikela umphakathi kunendima evelele ekuthuleni nasempini, futhi uma kwenzeka izinhlekelele zemvelo noma ezenziwe ngabantu, ukuzivikela komphakathi okuqeqeshiwe okuqeqeshiwe kungavikela umphakathi ezingozini eziningi futhi kunciphise ukulahlekelwa ukuphila kanye nempahla.

Isingeniso somsakazo wokuvikela umphakathi

Umqondo wokuba nenhlangano yezokuvikela embusweni wavela ngesikhathi soMbuso WaseRoma, ngesikhathi somlilo waseRoma owaqoshwa emlandweni, futhi ukuvela kwawo okokuqala emlandweni wanamuhla kwakungo-1866 ngesikhathi somlilo wenhloko-dolobha yaseBrithani. London, futhi ngemva kwalokho yavela ngaphezu kweyodwa yenhloko-dolobha yomhlaba.

Emsakazweni omfushane wokuvikela umphakathi, siveza ukuthi ukuzivikela komphakathi kwavela eMoscow ngo-1812, naseSan Francisco ngo-1906, futhi ngemva kokugqashuka kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala neyesibili, isidingo esiphuthumayo sasiyisizathu sokuba khona izinsiza zokuvikela umphakathi kuwo wonke amazwe ukwenza izinhlelo zosizo ezihlelekile ngezikhathi zokuthula nezimpi.

Umsakazo wesikole kwezokuvikela umphakathi

Owokuqala owacela ukuthi kusungulwe izinhlangano zosizo ezihambisana nokuvikela umphakathi kwakungudokotela waseFrance uGeorges Saint-Paul, futhi lo muntu ungumsunguli we-Red Cross.

I-Red Cross Society yabonisa ukusebenza kahle okukhulu phakathi neMpi Yombango YaseSpain ngo-1932 kanye nasezingxabanweni zaseJapane-Chinese ngo-1937.

Umsakazo wesikole kwezokuvikela umphakathi ufushane

I-Civil Defence ihlose ukuvikela abantu ngezikhathi zezinhlekelele nezimpi, nalapho kwenzeka izingozi eziphuthumayo.Ivikela izikhungo zikahulumeni jikelele, futhi ivikela imvelo kukho konke okuyilimazayo.Iphinde ivikele impahla kanye nezimpilo.Iqhuba imikhankaso yokufundisa izakhamizi mayelana ukusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele kwezinsiza, kanye nendlela yokwenza uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo.

Izinjongo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuvikela umphakathi zifingqiwe kanje:

• Ukuqinisekisa izinqubo zokuphepha nokuphepha ezikhungweni ezehlukene, ukuvimbela izingozi zomlilo, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuba khona kwezinhlelo zezimo eziphuthumayo ezivimbela ukunyathelana kwabantu ngesikhathi sezinhlekelele, njengoba ukunyathelana nokuxokozela kwandisa ukulahlekelwa okubangelwa noma iyiphi inkinga.
• Isebenza ukulwa nemililo yemvelo efana nemililo yamahlathi, nemililo yezitshalo ezitshaliwe nezigciniwe.
• Ivikela amabhishi, amapaki, izindawo abantu abazisebenzisela amaholidi namaholidi, kanye nezokuvakasha.
• Ukuvikelwa komphakathi kanye nokungenelela okuphuthumayo ezimeni zemililo, ukuqhuma, izikhukhula, noma ezinye izinhlekelele.
• Ukungenelela uma kwenzeka izingozi zasekhaya.
• Ngenelela uma kuba nezingozi emigwaqeni noma kojantshi.
• Ukusabalalisa ukuqwashisa ngezindlela zokuvimbela izingozi kanye nendlela yokwenza uma kwenzeka kuba nenkinga.
• Ukusungula izinhlelo ezisebenzayo eziphuthumayo nezokuthutha kanye nezinye izindlela zokuvikela izakhamuzi nezinsiza, ikakhulukazi ezimeni zezinhlekelele ezinkulu.

Isigaba se-Holy Qur'an yomsakazo wesikole kwezokuvikela umphakathi

Amavesi amaningi e-Holy Quran anxusa abantu ukuthi balandele imithetho yokuphepha futhi bagweme izingozi, okuhlanganisa:

Wathi (uSomandla) ku-Surat Al-Baqarah: “Futhi ungaziphonsi ekubhujisweni ngezandla zakho.”

Lokhu kukhombisa ukubaluleka kokuhlola imithetho yezokuphepha nezokuphepha, kanye nokubaluleka kokuba nethuluzi eliqeqeshiwe elizongenelela ngesikhathi sezinhlekelele noma izingozi ukuze kusindiswe ukuphila nempahla nokwelapha inkinga.

Futhi (uMninimandla onke) wathi kwiSurat Al-Rum: “Sekubonakale ukonakala emhlabeni nasolwandle ngenxa yalokho okuzuzwe yizandla zabantu, ukuze okunye kwalokho abakwenzileyo kubenze banambithe ukuze babuye.”

Abantu badinga umuntu ozobafundisa ngobungozi nobubi obubazungezile, nomuntu onekhono lokungenelela uma kunesidingo.

Khuluma ngokuvikela umphakathi

Labo abaphethe ukuvikela impilo nempahla banesikhundla esikhulu kuMvelinqangi, futhi isiThunywa (ukuthula nezibusiso kube kuye) senza iso manje eliqapha abantu emehlweni ukuthi uNkulunkulu uyabavikela ekuhlushweni kwelizayo, futhi yilokhu okwafika. kule hadith elandelayo:

Ngegunya lika-Abdullah bin Abbas (uNkulunkulu angabathokozise bobabili), wathi: “Ngisizwile isiThunywa sikaAllah (ukuthula makube kuye) sithi: (Amehlo amabili ngeke athintwe umlilo: iso. elamemeza ngokwesaba uNkulunkulu, kanye neso elachitha ubusuku bonke liqaphile endleleni kaNkulunkulu) Ilandiswa ngu-Al-Tirmidhi futhi ibalwa njenge-hasan ngu-Al-Albani.

Futhi ekulandiseni kuka-Anas bin Malik (kwangathi uNkulunkulu angajabula ngaye) ngokuka-Abu Ya'la: (Amehlo amabili awasoze athintwa umlilo: iso elashwabadela amaMuslim ngenxa kaNkulunkulu, neso elikhala yokwesaba uNkulunkulu).

Ukuhlakanipha mayelana nokuvikela umphakathi

• Ukuba ngumuntu oqaphelayo kusho ukuthobela imithetho yezokuphepha nokuphepha.
• Ukuvimbela kuncike ekuhlanzekeni nasekuhlelekeni.
• Ukuphatha imfucuza ngendlela ehlanzekile kuvimbela izifo nezinkinga zemvelo.
• Kufanele uzilawule ngesikhathi sezinhlekelele ukuze wenze ngendlela efanele.
• Ngolwazi nangokulandela imithetho eyisisekelo, ungakwazi ukulawula izinhlekelele.
• Umuntu ohlakaniphile nguye othatha izinyathelo ezifanele zokuvikela ukwenzeka kwezinhlekelele, futhi azi ukuthi angabhekana kanjani nazo uma kwenzeka ukuze anciphise ukulahlekelwa kwazo.
• Yazi indawo yeminyango yezimo eziphuthumayo nokuphuma ezindaweni oya kuzo njalo.
• Uma ungumqashi, unesibopho sokuvikela izindawo zokuphuma umlilo nokuqeqesha abasebenzi ukuthi baphume.
• Qinisekisa ukuthi izindlela zokuvikela nokuphepha zisebenza kahle ezindaweni zokusebenza.
• Nikeza ngezinsiza zosizo lokuqala ezimweni eziphuthumayo.
• Kufanele ufunde ukuphatha isimo esibucayi uma ungakwazi ukusinqanda.
• Ukubambisana kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokusinda ezinhlekeleleni.
• Gqoka izingubo ezifanele zomsebenzi ezikuvikela ezingozini zawo.
• Qeqesha abasebenzi bakho ukuthi basebenzise imishini ngendlela efanele.
• Qeqesha abasebenzi ukuthi basebenzise izicishamlilo.
• Yazi izinombolo zokuvikela umphakathi ezweni lakini.
• Ukuvikela kuhlala kungcono kunokwelapha.
• Gwema izindawo eziyingozi.
• Gwema amahlebezi kanye nokwethuka okungaba umphumela wawo.
• Landela abezindaba uma kwenzeka kuba nezinhlekelele ezizayo.

Inkulumo emsakazweni wezokuvikela umphakathi

Ukuvikela umphakathi kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni izimpilo, impahla kanye nezinsiza zombuso ngezikhathi zokuthula nezimpi Phakathi kwezindima ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuvikela umphakathi ngesikhathi sokuthula yilezi:

• Ukwenza umsebenzi wokusiza labo abehlelwe yizinhlekelele.
• Ukulungiselela nokuqeqesha amavolontiya.
• Ukuhlelela umsebenzi wokusiza kanye nokubeka imithetho nezisekelo zokuphepha nokuvikeleka ezimbonini.
• Ukwenza umsebenzi wokucisha umlilo nokwenza i-ambulensi nomsebenzi wokusiza.
• Ukulungisa amagumbi okuhlinzela lapho kudingekile, ukuhlomisa izikhungo zokuvikela umphakathi, nokwenza izindawo zokukhosela ezivikela izakhamuzi.
• Ukuhlomisa amathimba omsebenzi akhethekile kuyo yonke imikhakha yezokuvikela.
• Ukwenza amalungiselelo adingekayo ukuze impilo iqhubeke ngezikhathi zobunzima.
• Ukubhekana nabezindaba kube yithuluzi lokusabalalisa ukuqwashisa nokuqondisa abantu ngezikhathi zobungozi.
• Ukwenza izinhlelo zokuphuma nokulungisa izindawo zokukhosela ezimeni eziphuthumayo.
• Ukuqinisekisa ukuqaliswa kwezinyathelo ezidingekayo zokuvimbela, ukuphepha kanye zokuphepha ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwenzeka kwezinhlekelele.

Umsakazo ngoSuku Lwamazwe Ngamazwe Lokuvikela Umphakathi

Ngomhla ziyi-18 kuZibandlela 1990, usuku lokuqala lukaNdasa wonyaka ngamunye lwamukelwa njengoSuku Lwezokuvikela Lomhlaba Wonke.

Ekusakazweni kwesikole ngoSuku Lomhlaba Lokuvikeleka Komphakathi, sibonisa ukuthi lokhu bekukuSinqumo No. 8 soMhlangano Jikelele Wesishiyagalolunye we-International Civil Defense Organisation, owawuse-Algeria.

Umthethosisekelo we-International Civil Defense Organisation waqala ukusebenza ngo-1972.

Umsakazo wesikole kwezokuvikela umphakathi kanye neqhaza lomndeni

Ukuhambisana nemithetho yezokuphepha nokuphepha kudinga imizamo ehlangene phakathi kweCivil Defence nezikhungo zayo eziningi kanye nomphakathi ngokwawo.Umndeni yiwona ofundisa izingane ukulandela imithetho yezokuphepha nokuphepha, futhi ubaba nomama kufanele babe isibonelo. ezinganeni mayelana nezindlela zokuphepha nokuvikelwa ezingozini.

Isibonelo, umndeni kufanele uqinisekise ukutholakala kwezindlela zosizo lokuqala zokwelapha noma yikuphi ukulimala okwenzeka ngaphambi kokuya kochwepheshe, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngesicishamlilo, ukugcina amakhemikhali okuhlanza, izibulala-zinambuzane nemithi lapho izingane zingakwazi ukufinyelela khona, ukunakekela imoto. ngezikhathi ezithile, njalo njalo.

Kufanele futhi benze izingane ezindala zibe khona emisebenzini enjalo ukuze zifunde ukuthi ingenye yezinto ezibalulekile ezingenakuphelelwa ithemba.

Umbuzo nempendulo mayelana nokuvikela umphakathi kwezingane

Kuyini ukuvikela umphakathi?

Kuyisikhungo esinomthwalo wemfanelo wokwenza izenzo eziqinisekisa ukuvikelwa kwenani labantu kanye nempahla yangasese neyomphakathi, futhi sidlala indima ebalulekile ngesikhathi sezinhlekelele nezimpi ngenxa yale njongo.

Yimiphi imisebenzi eyenziwa abezokuvikela umphakathi?

Inikeza impumuzo kwabahluphekile, ivikele izinto zokuhamba nezindlela zokuxhumana, ilungisa imigwaqo futhi ivikele ingcebo yesizwe.

I-Civil Defense yenza lokhu okulandelayo:

• Ngokushesha thuthela endaweni yengozi.
• Gcina izisulu.
• Insiza yezimo eziphuthumayo.
• Lawula indawo futhi uvimbele ukusabalala kwenhlekelele.
• Ukulungiswa kwemibiko yezobuchwepheshe.
• Yenza izinyathelo zesikhathi esizayo zokuqinisekisa ukuthi ingozi ayiphindi.

Iyini indima yokuvikela umphakathi ngezikhathi zempi?

• Isebenza ukuhlela izexwayiso ngokumelene nokuhlasela kwezindiza nokunye.
• Ukwenza izinhlelo zokuphuma nokulungisa izindawo zokukhosela.
• Ukutholwa kwezindawo ezingcoliswe imisebe namakhemikhali ayingozi.
• Ukuvikela ukuphepha kwezokuthutha kanye nemigwaqo.
• Ukususwa kwemikhondo yempi yemfucumfucu nezinye izinto.
• Buyisela impilo kokujwayelekile ngangokunokwenzeka.

Umsakazo wezokuvikela nokuphepha esikoleni

Ukuba khona kwenqwaba yabantu endaweni eyodwa kungadala ingozi yezingozi, futhi isikole sisebenza kakhulu kulokhu, ikakhulukazi njengoba siqoqa inqwaba yezingane noma intsha.

Ngakho-ke, ukuthatha zonke izinyathelo zokuvimbela ubungozi kanye nokwamukela zonke izindlela zokuphepha nokuphepha kuyadingeka ukuze kuqhutshekwe nenqubo yemfundo. Ngakho-ke, isikole ngasinye kufanele sibe nenani elanele labaqondisi, izindawo zokuphuma nezitebhisi eziphuthumayo, izicishamlilo, nabezimo eziphuthumayo.

Amakhemikhali aselabhorethri nezinye izinto ezifanayo ezisetshenziswa ekuboniseni nasekucwaningeni ngendlela engokoqobo nakho kufanele kuvikelwe.

Ingabe bewazi ngokuvikela umphakathi komsakazo wesikole

• Emsakazweni wokuvikela umphakathi i-1439, bewazi ukuthi isinqumo sokusungula iSaudi Civil Defense sithathwe ku-Muharram 16, 1387?
• Izinhlekelele zemvelo ezibangelwa izingxabano nezimpi zaba isisusa sokusungulwa kwe-Civil Protection Authority.
• Ngokomlando, abokuqala ukwakha ikomidi lokuvikela umphakathi kwakungamaRoma asendulo.
• I-Civil Defense yasungulwa eBrithani ngemuva koMlilo waseLondon ngo-1866.
• I-American Civil Defense yasungulwa phakathi neMpi Yombango.
• IMpi Yezwe Yokuqala NeyesiBili yenza isidingo esiphuthumayo sokusungulwa kokuvikela umphakathi.
• Inhlosongqangi yokuvikela umphakathi ukuvikela nokuvikela izimpilo kanye nempahla yomphakathi neyimfihlo, kanye nokusabalalisa ukuqwashisa phakathi kwabantu.
• Umhlaba wonke ugubha i-International Civil Protection Day ngoMashi 1 minyaka yonke.
• Ukuvikelwa komphakathi kudlala indima ephumelelayo nebalulekile ngezikhathi zokuthula nezimpi ngokufanayo.
• Ukuvikelwa komphakathi kudinga imizamo ehlangene yezikhungo eziningi zombuso ukuze zenze umsebenzi wazo ngokugcwele.
• Ukuhambisana nemithetho nezinqubo zokuphepha nokuphepha kusindisa isikhathi esiningi, umzamo nemali futhi kuvimbela izinhlekelele eziningi.
• Ukwethuka ngesikhathi sezinhlekelele kwandisa ukuqina kwabo, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuzola nokunamathela emithethweni yokuphepha nokuphepha kunciphisa imiphumela yabo eyinhlekelele.

Umsakazo wokuvikela umphakathi nokuphepha ekhaya

Ukubambelela emithethweni yezokuphepha nezokuphepha kuwumthwalo womphakathi, futhi wonke umuntu kufanele enze umsebenzi wakhe mayelana nalokhu. Ngakho-ke, i-Civil Defense Radio iyithuba lokukukhumbuza ukuthi ulandele imithetho yokuphepha nokuphepha empilweni yakho nasekhaya lakho.

Ungashiyi ugesi uchayeke ekuphazanyisweni, kanye nezinto zokupheka ezishisayo, amakhemikhali okuhlanza, imithi kanye nezinye izinto okufanele zigcinwe ngendlela futhi lapho izingane zingafinyeleli khona.

Zama ukuqaphela indawo okuzungezile, futhi ungabi namahloni okukhumbuza abadala kunawe ngesidingo sokulandela imithetho nezimiso zokuphepha nokuphepha.