Uchaza inkohlakalo njengesenzo esiphambana nobuqotho, kanye nokuchezuka okumelelwa ezenzweni ezithile ezimbi njengokugwazisa, ukukhetha izihlobo nabantu obajwayele, nokusebenzisa kabi ithonya. okubi kakhulu.
Isingeniso emsakazweni ngenkohlakalo
Esethulweni somsakazo esikhuluma ngenkohlakalo, sikhombisa ukuthi inkohlakalo inezinhlobo eziningi, okuhlanganisa lezo ezithinta izikhundla zepolitiki kanye nokusetshenziswa budedengu kwamandla anikwe isikhulu, njengoba kwenzeka ekugwaziseni, ekukhwabaniseni nasekuhwebeni, noma inkohlakalo ezinkampanini ukuphambuka okuthile kwezezimali, noma inkohlakalo yokusabalalisa ulwazi olungamanga.
Lezi zigaba ezilandelayo zizofaka umsakazo okhuluma ngenkohlakalo kanye nomsakazo okhuluma ngobuqotho.Silandele.
Umsakazo wokulwa nenkohlakalo
Isihlava semibuso nohulumeni esikhathini samanje inkohlakalo nokuchezuka okungase kwenziwe yilabo abaphethe izikhundla ezithile ezibalulekile zezombusazwe ukuze kuzuzwe izithakazelo zomuntu siqu ngokulimaza umphakathi nezakhamuzi ngobubanzi, nangomsakazo wesikole ekulweni nenkohlakalo. , sikhanyisa ukubaluleka kokulwa nenkohlakalo ekuthuthukisweni kwezizwe kanye nenhlalakahle yabantu.
Inkohlakalo ingenye yezinkinga ezingathi sína ezingabhekana nazo noma yiluphi uhlelo lwezepolitiki, kungakhathaliseki izinga lokuqapha nokuziphendulela kuyo, futhi ihlanganisa ukufumbathisa, ukukhwabanisa nokwenzelela ngezihlobo, futhi inkohlakalo ingakwazi futhi ukugqugquzela imisebenzi engekho emthethweni njengokushushumbiswa kwezidakamizwa, ukushushumbisa imali. noma ukushushumbiswa kwabantu, kanye nezenzo ezingekho emthethweni ezifana nokuxhasa abangenele ukhetho ngezimali Abakhohlakele okhethweni ukuze bayiswe ezikhundleni zokuphatha, futhi ezinye izenzo zingaba semthethweni ohlelweni olulodwa lwezombangazwe futhi lwenziwe icala kwelinye, ngakho-ke umqondo wenkohlakalo uyahluka kuye kwelinye izwe kuya kwelinye. omunye.
Inkohlakalo ithathwa njengenye yezithiyo ezinkulu ekuthuthukisweni nasekuthuthukeni kwezwe, futhi iyisihibe esikhulu ekusungulweni kwentando yeningi yeqiniso ezuzisa abantu bonke, nezinqumo ezithinta inkohlakalo emajajini. kubukela phansi umqondo wobulungiswa futhi kuphushe umthetho womthetho ubheke kwalasha, futhi inkohlakalo ekuphathweni ivimbela ukusatshalaliswa okufanele kwengcebo nezinkonzo.
Inkohlakalo iwukumosha izinsiza zombuso nokumosha amakhono ayo.
Inkohlakalo ibulala ukuba semthethweni kohulumeni, ithinta izindinganiso zentando yeningi ngezindlela ezingezinhle ezibanzi, futhi izakhamizi zilahlekelwa ukuthembela ohlelweni kanye namagugu obulungisa.
Inkohlakalo idala ukwanda kwezinga lezikweletu, ikhinyabeza intuthuko, futhi iqeda ingcebo yamazwe.Ngokombiko we-University of Massachusetts, e-US, inani lemali eshushumbiswe emazweni angu-30 ezwenikazi lase-Afrika phakathi kuka-1970 no-1996. ilinganiselwa ku-$187 billion, okuyimali engaphezu kwemali ekweletwa yila mazwe ehlangene.Izikhungo zamazwe ngamazwe njengeWorld Bank kanye ne-IMF.
Umsakazo wokulwa nenkohlakalo ezikoleni
Izikole zingezinye zezindawo ezivame ukuba yizisulu zenkohlakalo nezimosheli.Inkohlakalo ohlelweni lwezemfundo ithatha izinhlobo eziningi nemibala, kanti abampofu yibona abakhokha kakhulu ngalolu hlobo lwenkohlakalo, ngakho ukungazi nobubha kuhlangana nabo. .
Uma inkohlakalo ilimaza kakhulu umbuso futhi ithikameza inqubo yentuthuko, kusho ukuthi umthelela wayo kwezemfundo uzoba mkhulu kakhulu.Olunye lwezinhlobo zenkohlakalo ezikoleni wukungabikho kothisha emakilasini ahleliwe.
Amaphesenti othisha besilisa nabesifazane abalovayo emakilasini abo emazweni asathuthuka alinganiselwa ku-11-30% yenani eliphelele, ngokombiko olungiswe yiBhange Lomhlaba.
Olunye uhlobo lwenkohlakalo eyenzeka ezikoleni wuhlelo lothisha abangombombayi, lapho kubekwa khona amagama angombombayi ohlwini lwezikole ukuze kuthathwe izabelo zabo eMnyangweni wezeMfundo, ngokuqapha okuqhubekayo, kungenzeka kwehle izinhlobo zenkohlakalo ezikoleni futhi kuvikelwe. abafundi emiphumeleni engemihle yezinkinga eziwumphumela.
Umsakazo okhuluma ngobuqotho
Ubuqotho bufana nobuqotho kanye nokungabi nacala emaphutheni nasekushiyekeni, okuhlanganisa ubuqotho benqubo yokhetho, okusho ukuthi ayinakho ukukhwabanisa, futhi ubuqotho bolimi busho ukuthi alunamagama anenhlamba.
Kuthiwa umuntu uthembekile, okusho ukuthi akayena umuntu okhohlakele noma onamanga, futhi akakude namaphutha, futhi unikezwe ukuziphatha okuhle.
Ubuqotho buwukuthola imali emithonjeni ehloniphekile futhi isetshenziswe ebusweni obuhloniphekile.” U-Abu Talib al-Makki uthi: “Ubuqotho buqhelelana nobubi nokungcola.”
Isigaba se-Holy Qur'an ngenkohlakalo yomsakazo wesikole
Izinkolo zasezulwini zikhuthaza ukuhlonipha nokwethembeka, nokuhlanzwa ebubini, amanyala nenkohlakalo, futhi amavesi amaningi e-Holy Quran ashiwo kulokhu, kuhlanganise nalandelayo:
- Futhi uma ithatha izintambo, ilwela ezweni ukwenza umonakalo kuwo futhi ibhubhise izitshalo nezitshalo, futhi uAllah Akakuthandi ukubola. - {XNUMX Al-Baqara}
- Uma bekungekhona ezizukulwaneni zangaphambi kwenu, labo abavela ensalini ababenqabela ukonakala ezweni - (XNUMX Hud)
- Futhi nenze okuhle njengoba uAllah Enenzele okuhle, futhi ningafuni ukonakala ezweni (Al-Qasas XNUMX).
- Inkohlakalo ibonakale emhlabeni nasolwandle ngenxa yalokho okuzuzwe yizandla zabantu (Al-Rum XNUMX)
- Futhi uma kuthiwa kubo: “Ningabangeli ukonakala emhlabeni,” bathi: “Thina singabaguquli kuphela.” (Al-Baqarah XNUMX).
- Futhi bahlukanisa lokho uNkulunkulu ayale ukuba kuhlanganiswe, futhi babangele ukonakala emhlabeni, labo yibona abalahlekelwayo (XNUMX) Al-Baqarah
- Futhi uma nixuba nabo, bangabafowenu, futhi uMvelinqangi uyamazi umenzi wenguquko (XNUMX Al-Baqara)
- Kepha umvuzo walabo abalwa noAllah nesiThunywa saKhe, futhi bayoba ezweni njengenkohlakalo, ukuze babulawe, noma babulawe, noma babulawe,
- Noma ubani obulala umphefumulo ngaphandle kokubulala noma ukonakala ezweni kunjengokungathi ubulele sonke isintu.
- Futhi ningaweli kuzo zonke izindlela enizithembisayo, futhi niyoba manqikanqika endleleni kaNkulunkulu ababekholelwa kuyo futhi niyifuna njengegagasi futhi nikhumbule, lapho niyingcosana, futhi niyoba yingcosana. (Al-A'raf)
USharif ukhuluma ngenkohlakalo emsakazweni wesikole
IsiThunywa sika Nkulunkulu - sengathi imikhuleko ka Nkulunkulu kanye nokuthula makube kuye - sathi: "Ngokuqondene nalowo ofuna ubuso bukaNkulunkulu, alalele i-imam, asebenzise ukuphana, aduduze umlingani, futhi agweme ukonakala, ubuthongo bakhe kanye nokuqapha kwakhe kuyoba umvuzo ngokugcwele. Ilandiswa ngu-Al-Nasa'i kanye no-Abu Dawood.
Futhi kwangathi imikhuleko kaAllah nokuthula makube kuye, wathi: “Zigwemeni izinto eziyisikhombisa ezibulalayo.” Bathi: “O Sithunywa sikaAllah, futhi ziyini lezi? Yena, sengathi uMkhuleko nokuthula kukaAllah kube kuye, wathi: “Ububi bukuNkulunkulu, nemilingo, nomphefumulo owenqabela uNkulunkulu ngaphandle kweqiniso, nokudla kukaJehova, nemali yalowo imali,
وعن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه قال «مَا مِنْ مُؤْمِنٍ إِلَّا وَأَنَا أَوْلَى النَّاسِ بِهِ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالآخِرَةِ، اقْرَؤُوا إِنْ شِئْتُمْ ﴿ النَّبِيُّ أَوْلَى بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ ﴾ (الأحزاب: 6)، فَأَيُّمَا مُؤْمِنٍ تَرَكَ مَالًا فَلْيَرِثْهُ عَصَبَتُهُ مَنْ كَانُوا، فَإِنْ تَرَكَ دَيْنًا، Uma elahlekile, makeze kimi, ngokuba ngiyinkosi yakhe.
Futhi ngegunya lika-Ibn Omar - kwangathi uNkulunkulu angajabula ngabo - wathi: IsiThunywa sikaAllah, sengathi imikhuleko nokuthula kukaAllah kube phezu kwakhe, sathi: “Ikholwa ngeke lihlale likhululekile enkolweni yalo, inqobo nje uma lisenza. lingachithi igazi elingekho emthethweni.” Ilandiswa nguAl-Bukhari.
Ukuhlakanipha kwanamuhla ngenkohlakalo
- Kusukela emishadweni yenkohlakalo nobubi bezinhloso, kwenziwa izinhlansi zezithombe.
Mohammed Al-Makhzenji - Ukonakala kwemiqondo kuyingozi kakhulu futhi kunzima ukuyelapha kunokonakala kokuziphatha.
Muhammad Kutb - Amandla aholela ekonakaleni, futhi amandla aphelele aholela ekonakaleni okuphelele.
Nkosi Acton - Abantu bezenkolo abaqalekisa umhlaba nezinkanuko zawo abantu abagcwele izikhalazo zomphakathi kanye nokukhohlakala kokuziphatha.
Abdullah Al-Qasimi - Nakuba inkohlakalo ingesinye sezifo zezifunda “ezishisayo”, ezweni lakithi idlangile emahhovisi “ane-air-conditioning”.
Jalal Amer - Khumbula: inkinga akuyona inkohlakalo noma umhobholo, inkinga uhlelo olukuphusha ukuthi wenze inkohlakalo.
I-Slavoj Žižek - Noma nini lapho umuntu egxilisa amehlo akhe ezikhundleni, inkohlakalo iqala ekuziphatheni kwakhe.
Thomas Jefferson - Ukukhohlakala kwezinkolo kuvela ekuguquleni kwazo zibe amazwi nokubonakaliswa.
Muhammad Al-Ghazali - Uma amanga ehlula iqiniso, khona-ke kuyoba khona ukukhohlakala ezweni, amanga amancane kakhulu namanga amaningi kakhulu ayoshabalala, futhi uma iqiniso lidingeka ukuze lisinde.
Malik bin Anas - Ngabe sizohlangana nobubi ngobubi obengeziwe futhi sithi, “Lena yiSharia,” bese sihlangana nenkohlakalo nenkohlakalo ejwayelekile, simemeza sithi, “Lona umthetho,” futhi sinqoba ubugebengu ngobugebengu obukhulu kakhulu, simemeza sithi, “Lokhu kuwubulungisa? ” Khalil Gibran
- Ukugcina izindodla zemali zingangeni kwezombusazwe kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinqumo zezombusazwe zivuna umphakathi futhi kuncishiswe amathuba ezivumelwano zenkohlakalo.
UPatricia Moreira
Inkondlo yomsakazo wesikole ngenkohlakalo
Inkohlakalo ikhona inqobo nje uma isintu uqobo lwaso, kodwa siyakhuphuka futhi siwe ngemfundo enhle, futhi kukhona uhlelo oluqinile oluvikela umbuso, futhi phakathi kwezinkondlo ezakhulunywa kudala mayelana nokugwazelwa zaqanjwa imbongi uTarfa bin Al. -Abd, lapho athi:
Uma udinga okuthunyelwe
Futhi uthandana nayo
(Thumela indoda ehlakaniphileyo ungamcebisi
Futhi leyo ndoda ehlakaniphile iyi-dirham.)
Ekulweni nenkohlakalo, imbongi u-Abdul Rahman Al-Awadi uthi:
Imiqala isakhuluma iqiniso *** Amapulpiti asamemeza iqiniso
Basenjalo abantu bezwe lami *** ekhasini lomlando uMahmoud al-Maather
Kanjalo abantu bakithi kusukela kudala****bafuna inguquko kuyisemkhulu ophikelelayo
Hhayi kanjani lapho ekhuliswe ngokwethembeka *** ukukhazimula abancela kusukela umbele kasilika
O spoiler, asibukisi *** noma sinikeze isihlalo somkhandlu kumuntu ongaziphethe kahle
Gcina imali kude nathi, asinaye *** othatha intshontsho ofuna ukudayisa onembeza
Wena sifebe asifani nomhlambi***uqhutshelwa umalusi ekuthunjweni kwezibaya
Ungasho ukuthi amagama alungile, cha *** Isiqalekiso sikaNkulunkulu masibe phezu kwabangalaleli
Ngikholwe, kukhona iqembu elifihliwe phakathi kwethu ***, ngakho-ke qaphela ukugwazwa komlomo wakho futhi uhambe
Uzenza inguquko engutsheni ehloniphekile *** Bese ephonsa ushevu wakhe emva kwamakhethini
Oh zwe lami, nakhu namuhla abesilisa nabesifazane abangazesabi izingozi
Nentsha igoqe amaphambili ukuze inkohlakalo isuswe ngemizwa emsulwa
Ukukhathazeka kwabo ukuthi wena zwe lami ube yitshe eliyigugu elithatha izinhliziyo zababukele
Ngakho-ke yizwa umsindo weculo elilodwa elithi *** eligcina kuphela ngokuncipha kweziyingi
Ukusakazwa kwesikole ngoSuku Lomhlaba Lokulwa Nenkohlakalo
Emsakazweni mayelana noSuku Lomhlaba Lokulwa Nenkohlakalo, sethula amazwibela kafushane alo mgubho wamazwe ngamazwe owamukelwa yiNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene ngo-Okthoba 31, 2003, ukuze kugujwe Usuku Lomhlaba Lokulwa Nenkohlakalo mhla ziyisishiyagalolunye kuMandulo unyaka ngamunye. unyaka ukusabalalisa ukuqwashisa ngezingozi zenkohlakalo.
Ihhovisi leNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene Lezidakamizwa Nobugebengu linomthwalo wemfanelo wokuphatha izingqungquthela ezihlobene nalolu suku nokuhlela izithunywa zamazwe abambe iqhaza emicimbini.
Umsakazo okhuluma ngobuqotho nokulwa nenkohlakalo
Emsakazweni wesikole okhuluma ngobuqotho nokulwa nenkohlakalo, sithola ukuthi kufana nesifo esithathelanayo esihlasela umzimba wombuso, uma singalashwa, sizobhebhetheka sibhubhise umbuso.Ngakho-ke kwadingeka ukuthi umphakathi uhlangane. ukulwa nenkohlakalo nokungashiyi ithuba lokuthi ikhukhumale futhi idlondlobale emzimbeni wombuso futhi yakhe inethiwekhi engenzi Ingagetshengwa, njengoba bekunjalo ezinhlelweni eziningi ezingasekho.
Imithetho iyodwa ayinakwenza okuningi uma nje iphulwa futhi abantu bengenasithakazelo sokuyisebenzisa.” Njengoba isisho esidumile sisho: “Imithetho injengolwele lwesicabucabu olubamba izinambuzane ezincane kuphela.”
Ingabe uyazi ngenkohlakalo
- I-Transparency International iphathelene nokuqapha amazinga enkohlakalo nobuqotho emazweni omhlaba futhi inikeza umbiko waminyaka yonke mayelana nesimo senkohlakalo emazweni omhlaba ngokusebenzisa Inkomba Yemibono Yenkohlakalo.
- Inkohlakalo wukusebenzisa budedengu amandla anikezwe isisebenzi sikahulumeni.
- IDenmark, iNew Zealand kanye neFinland aphakathi kwamazwe anenkohlakalo encane emhlabeni.
- ISomalia neSouth Sudan aphakathi kwamazwe anenkohlakalo kunawo wonke ake akhona.
- I-Corruption Perceptions Index isebenzisa isikali esisuka ku-0-100, lapho i-100 isho izwe elingenayo nhlobo inkohlakalo futhi u-0 usho izwe elikhohlakele ngokuphelele.
- I-Transparency International yenza ukuhlolwa kwamazwe ayi-180 emhlabeni.
- Izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zamazwe zithole ngaphansi kuka-50/100 ku-Corruption Perceptions Index.
- Phakathi kwemiyalo ye-Transparency Organization: ukuthuthukisa ubuqotho bokhetho, ukulawula ukuxhaswa kosopolitiki, ukuqapha ukungqubuzana kwezintshisekelo, ukunika izakhamuzi amandla, ukubhekana nokucwasana, ukukhuthaza amathuba alinganayo, nokulawula umsebenzi wamaqembu okucindezela kwezombusazwe.
- Isifunda sase-Afrika sathola amaphuzu ku-Corruption Perceptions Index ngo-2019 32/100, kanti isifunda saseYurophu sathola ama-66/100.
- Ukwehlukanisa imali ekubuseni kungenye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuvikela izintshisekelo zomphakathi.
- Izinhlobo zenkohlakalo ezibaluleke kakhulu ukufumbathisa, ukuqola, ukuqhuba imikhankaso yokhetho esolisayo kanye nokushushumbiswa kwemali.
Isiphetho somsakazo wesikole ngenkohlakalo
Ekupheleni kokusakazwa okuphelele komsakazo ngenkohlakalo, siyaphinda futhi ukuthi inkohlakalo iyisithiyo esikhulu sentuthuko.
Izizwe ezikhohlakele azikwazi ukuqhubekela phambili noma zifinyelele noma yiliphi inqubekela phambili kunoma yiliphi izinga, kungaba emkhakheni wezimboni, ezolimo, ezemfundo noma wezempilo.Inkohlakalo ingumlilo oqothula izinsiza futhi ucekele phansi izwe.Uma ungakwazi ukubhekana nenkohlakalo, okungenani ungahlanganyeli kuyo. .
